(2) Let G be a finite group with no element of order 3, and let a EG.(a) Can 3 divide o(a)? Either prove that it cannot or give an example where it does.(b) Must there exist an element x E G with x3a? Either prove that there must or give an example wherethere is not.(c) Must there exist an element y E G with y? = a? Either prove that there must or give an example wherethere is not.

Given that G is a finite group such that ∀a∈G, o(a)≠3 (a) We have to determine whether 3 divides…

Answered: Let G be a finite group with no element…

Elements Of Modern Algebra

8th Edition

ISBN:9781285463230

Author:Gilbert, Linda, Jimmie

Publisher:Gilbert, Linda, Jimmie

Chapter3: Groups

Section3.2: Properties Of Group Elements

Problem 23E: 23. Let be a group that has even order. Prove that there exists at least one element such that and...

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Prove part c of Theorem 3.4. Theorem 3.4: Properties of Group Elements Let G be a group with respect to a binary operation that is written as multiplication. The identity element e in G is unique. For each xG, the inverse x1 in G is unique. For each xG,(x1)1=x. Reverse order law: For any x and y in G, (xy)1=y1x1. Cancellation laws: If a,x, and y are in G, then either of the equations ax=ay or xa=ya implies that x=y.
Exercises 31. Let be a group with its center: . Prove that if is the only element of order in , then .
Let G be an abelian group of order 2n, where n is odd. Use Lagranges Theorem to prove that G contains exactly one element of order 2.
27. a. Show that a cyclic group of order has a cyclic group of order as a homomorphic image. b. Show that a cyclic group of order has a cyclic group of order as a homomorphic image.
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Suppose that the abelian group G can be written as the direct sum G=C22C3C3, where Cn is a cyclic group of order n. Prove that G has elements of order 12 but no element of order greater than 12. Find the number of distinct elements of G that have order 12.
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Let G1 and G2 be groups with respect to addition. Define equality and addition in the Cartesian product by G1G2 (a,b)=(a,b) if and only if a=a and b=a (a,b)+(c,d)=(ac,bd) Where indicates the addition in G1 and indicates the addition in G2. Prove that G1G2 is a group with respect to addition. Prove that G1G2 is abelian if both G1 and G2 are abelian. For notational simplicity, write (a,b)+(c,d)=(a+c,b+d) As long as it is understood that the additions in G1 and G2 may not be the same binary operations. (Sec. 3.4,27, Sec. 3.5,14,15,27,28, Sec. 3.6,12, Sec. 5.1,51) Sec. 3.4,27 Prove or disprove that each of the following groups with addition as defined in Exercises 52 of section 3.1 is cyclic. a. 23 b. 24 Sec. 3.5,14,15,27,28, Consider the additive group of real numbers. Prove or disprove that each of the following mappings : is an automorphism. Equality and addition are defined on in Exercise 52 of section 3.1. a. (x,y)=(y,x) b. (x,y)=(x,y) Consider the additive group of real numbers. Prove or disprove that each of the following mappings : is an isomorphism. a. (x,y)=x b. (x,y)=x+y Consider the additive groups 2, 3, and 6. Prove that 6 is isomorphic to 23. Let G1, G2, H1, and H2 be groups with respect to addition. If G1 is isomorphic to H1 and G2 is isomorphic to H2, prove that G1G2 is isomorphic to H1H2. Sec. 3.6,12 Consider the additive group of real numbers. Let be a mapping from to , where equality and addition are defined in Exercise 52 of Section 3.1. Prove or disprove that each of the following mappings is a homomorphism. If is a homomorphism, find ker , and decide whether is an epimorphism or a monomorphism. a. (x,y)=xy b. (x,y)=2x Sec. 5.1,51 Let R and S be arbitrary rings. In the Cartesian product RS of R and S, define (r,s)=(r,s) if and only if r=r and s=s (r1,s1)+(r2,s2)=(r1+r2,s1+s2), (r1,s1)(r2,s2)=(r1r2,s1s2). a. Prove that the Cartesian product is a ring with respect to these operations. It is called the direct sum of R and S and is denoted by RS. b. Prove that RS is commutative if both R and S are commutative. c. Prove that RS has a unity element if both R and S have unity elements. d. Give an example of rings R and S such that RS does not have a unity element.

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