List the two toxins released by natural killer cells and state what each toxins does

Q: Cell-mediated immunity is specifically effective against what type of target? Provide examples.

A: Immunology is a section of biology that includes the study of molecules, cells, and organs that…

Q: Explain the type, order of appearance, and amount of immunoglobulin in each response and what causes…

A: Antibodies are soluble glycoproteins composed of a pair of identical polypeptide light chain and…

Q: in lymphocytes when there is an increase in production of immunoglobulins, manifested by ER…

A: The endoplasmic reticulum is the largest membrane bound essential organelle in eukaryotic cells…

Q: Explain the phenomenon that represents N- acetylgalactosamine to O antigen to form A antigen.

A: An amino sugar, N- Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is a derivative of galactose that forms the terminal…

Q: What are the mechanisms used by B cells to generate antibody diversity?

A: Antibodies are immunoglobulins produced in response to an antigenic stimulation. They mai either…

Q: Contrast the way that macrophages typically kill pathogenswith the method used by natural killer…

A: Introduction: Macrophages are a special type of cells present in the blood which gets activated in…

Q: • Explain how granzymes and perforin are used by natural killer cells to attack virus-infected…

A: Granzymes are serine proteases delivered by cytoplasmic granules inside cytotoxic T cells and common…

Q: If a given B cell produces only one type of antibody, how do organisms produce a great diversity of…

A: The capability of the body to induce immune response is called immunity. The foreign particle that…

Q: Define antibody-mediated immunity

A: Immunity can be defined as the natural defense of the body which helps the body in preventing the…

Q: Jacob, a 16-year-old boy, is admitted to a medical ward after being diagnosed with meningococcal…

A: Hypersensitivity is a condition, which refers to the process of undesirable reactions that are…

Q: Diagram the sequence of events in an antibody-mediated response, including the role of helper T…

A: The immune system is responsible for protecting the body from foreign pathogens. Immune system fight…

Q: When T cells attack the insulin- producing islet cells in the pancreas, which of the following…

A: Insulin is a hormone secreted by beta cells of the pancreas in response to high blood sugar…

Q: Please answer fast Which type of cells normally drive class switching to IgE and how? How might the…

A: Answer

Q: Explain the two processes by which B-cells are activated to inactivate an antigen?

A: B cells are activated mainly by either of the two processes -  PROCESS 1-  B cells are activated…

Q: What is the basic difference between the ligands recognized by CD94:NKG2A compared with inhibitory…

A: Natural Killer (NK) cells are a type of white blood cells that play a crucial role in fighting…

Q: Contrast the major targets of antibody-mediated responses

A: Humans a well-developed immune system to fight infections. The immunity possessed by humans can be…

Q: When encountering antigen, describe the mechanism of antigen presentation by B cells.

A: Antigen presenting cell or APC is any cell that can process and present a part of antigen in…

Q: Describe the eff ects of stress on immunity.

A: immunity is the ability to fight diseases caused by different factors like microorganisms and…

Q: What are monoclonal antibodies?

A: Antibodies are Y shaped proteins found in blood that mainly get attached with the foreign invaders…

Q: List and describe the steps of B-cell activation and list the types of B cells produced in this…

A: Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cells(WBCs) or leukocytes and play a major role in protecting…

Q: How might antibodies be used to activate B cells?

A: B cells also known as B lymphocytes are type of white blood cells and functions in humoral immunity…

Q: Compare and contrast the primary and the secondary responses.

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attacks (antigens) and maintain the…

Q: Match the hypersensitivity to the description. Туре 1 Туре 2 Туре 3 Туре 4

A: Hypersensitivity is the exaggerated response  produced by the our immune system, such as in…

Q: ___________ shock occurs as a result of exposure to an antigen to which one is hypersensitive.

A: Hypersensitivity refers to the intolerance of our body towards specific agents which leads to a…

Q: Explain why the B cells response is described as “humoral”, but the T cell’s response is described…

A: Both B cells and T cells are lymphocytes that are gotten from explicit sorts of foundational…

Q: How are the activities of natural killer cells and phagocytes similar and different?

A: Natural killer cells are lymphocytes with cytotoxic potential against virus-infected and certain…

Q: Reed Sternberg cells are derived from which type of normal cell?   T-cells   B-lymphocytes…

A: Immune system is system which helps our body to fight against the foreign substances which will…

Q: Describe the processing and presentation of an intracellular antigen.

A: Antigen processing and presentation is an immunological process through which the antigen-presenting…

Q: True or False: Plasma B cells secrete antibodies into the bloodstream?

A: Plasma B Cells, also known as Plasma cells are a differentiated white blood cells which are capable…

Q: Which of the following is a leukocyte AND a lymphocyte? A. macrophage B. natural killer cell C.…

A: Blood is composed of three types of cells Erythrocytes: which are red blood cells that carry oxygen…

Q: What are the functions of Natural killer cells?

A: Immunity is a term that refers to the ability of the body to fight against the antigen by producing…

Q: Explain the effect of Th on B cells

A: B cells or B lymphocytes are a kind of leucocytes that are involved in humoral immunity. They are…

Q: Describe a mechanism by which an antigen can enter the lymph node and make contact with the B-cell…

A: The response of B-cell includes two events that take place in different regions and at different…

Q: Define antigenic shift

A: Immunity is the capability of multicellular organisms to resist the attack of harmful…

Q: The following are inflammatory mediators C-reactive protein histamine albumin a and b b and c

A: Given: An inflammatory mediator is a messanger that acts on blood vessles to induce an inflamatory…

Q: Explain What Are The Forces That Are Responsible For Antigen-antibody Reactions

A: In laboratory settings, the antigen-antibody reaction is used to diagnose blood grouping systems and…

Q: Explain why are B cells known as Antigen Presenting cells and what happens after antigen…

A: As B cell has MHC class II so that it can present antigen.  B celk has IgM or IgD antibody that…

Q: Explain the concepts of natural killer cells and superantigens.

A: The immune system is also known as a defense system because of its help to protect our body from…

Q: What is the difference in the kinetics of antibody formation in response to a first and second…

A: The immune response is a reaction that occurs in an organism to protect against foreign substances.…

Q: In some cases, such as with bacterial capsules that have large antigens with repeating…

A: The bacterial capsule is made up of polysaccharides that protect the cell wall, which is composed of…

Q: In LeVay’s study, what evidence argues against the idea that INAH-3 volume depends on AIDS rather…

A: The evidence that argues against the thought that INAH-3 volume depends on AIDS rather sexual…

Q: The correct order of words to describe how innate immune response responds to a pathogen that has…

A: Immune system is categorized into two types. They are innate and adaptive immunity. Innate  immunity…

Q: describe the process of B-cell activation after a pathogen was recognized and bound to the B-cell…

A: B cell is commonly known as B lymphocytes is a category of white blood cells. B cell function in the…

Q: Define antigen presentation.

A: A molecule or chemical structure that can attach to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor is…

Q: Is their a correlation between age and allergic reaction?

A: Allergy is the immune response for particular substances like pollen, dust, fur and some food…

Q: Describe the process by which a B cell possessing a particular antigen receptor is expanded into a…

A: In immunology, the B cells are the antibody producing cell which is a part of the lymphocytes. The…

Q: Define the term: antigen

A: An immune response is a reaction that occurs within the body of an organism for the purpose of…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.