Match the description with the statement that best describes the following neural circuits.a single post-synaptic neuron receives input from multiple pre-synaptic neuronscauses the stimulation of the post-synaptic neuron continuallysimilar to a positive feedback responseA. diverging circuitsB. converging circuitsC. reverberating circuitscauses a longer lasting stimulus of the post-synaptic neuronD. parallel after discharge circuitsa single pre-synaptic neuron synapses with multiple post-synapticneuronsMoving to another question will save this response.PhotosA39DEC317étv

Neural circuits are groups of neurons interconnected by synapses to carry out a specific function…

Match the description with the statement that best describes the following neural circuits. a single post-synaptic neuron receives input from multiple pre- synaptic neurons causes the stimulation of the post-synaptic neuron continually similar to a positive feedback response causes a longer lasting stimulus of the post-synaptic neuron A. diverging circuits B. converging circuits C. reverberating circuits D. parallel after discharge circuits a single pre-synaptic neuron synapses with multiple post-synaptic neurons

Match the description with the statement that best describes the following neural circuits. a single post-synaptic neuron receives input from multiple pre- synaptic neurons causes the stimulation of the post-synaptic neuron continually similar to a positive feedback response causes a longer lasting stimulus of the post-synaptic neuron A. diverging circuits B. converging circuits C. reverberating circuits D. parallel after discharge circuits a single pre-synaptic neuron synapses with multiple post-synaptic neurons

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter39: Information Flow And The Neuron

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8TYK: Which of the following statements best describes saltatory conduction? a. It inhibits direct...

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Which of the following statements best describes saltatory conduction? a. It inhibits direct neurotransmitter release. b. It transmits the action potential at the nodes of Ranvier andthus speeds up impulses on myelinated axons. c. It increases neurotransmitter release at the presynapticmembrane. d. It decreases neurotransmitter uptake at chemically gatedpostsynaptic channels. e. It removes neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft.
Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/basalnuclei1) to learn about the basal nuclei (also known as the basal ganglia), which have two pathways that process information within the cerebrum. As shown in this video, the direct pathway is the shorter pathway through the system that results in increased activity in the cerebral cortex and increased motor activity. The direct pathway is described as resulting in disinhibition of the thalamus. What does disinhibition mean? What are the two neurons doing individually to cause this?
In the propagation of a nerve impulse: a. the refractory period begins as the K+ channel opens, allowing K+ ions to flow outward along their concentrationgradient. b. Na+ ions flow out of the axon with their concentration gradient. c. positive charges lower the membrane potential to its lowestaction potential. d. gated K+ channels open at the same time as the activationgate of Na+ channels closes. e. the depolarizing stimulus lowers the membrane potential toopen the Na+ gates.
Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/3Dmovies) to learn about the side effects of 3-D movies. As discussed in this video, movies that are shot in 3-D can cause motion sickness, which elicits the autonomic symptoms of nausea and sweating. The disconnection between the perceived motion on the screen and the lack of any change in equilibrium stimulates these symptoms. Why do you think sitting close to the screen or right in the middle of the theater makes motion sickness during a 3-D movie worse?
Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurotrans) to learn about the release of a neurotransmitter. The action potential reaches the end of the axon, called the axon terminal, and a chemical signal is released to tell the target cell to do something, either initiate a new action potential, or to suppress that activity. In a very short space, the electrical signal of the action potential is changed into the chemical signal of a neurotransmitter, and then back to electrical changes in the target cell membrane. What is the importance of voltage-gated calcium channels in the release of neurotransmitters?
View the University of Michigan Webscope (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/nervefiber) to see an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a myelinated nerve fiber. The axon contains microtubules and neurofilaments, bounded by a plasma membrane known as the axolemma. Outside the plasma membrane of the axon is the myelin sheath, which is composed of the tightly wrapped plasma membrane of a Schwann cell. What aspects of the cells in this image react with the stain that makes them the deep, dark, black color, such as the multiple layers that are the myelin sheath?
Contrast the somatic nervous system with the ANS foreach of the following:a. number of neurons between the CNS and the effectororganb. location of neuron cell bodiesc. structures each innervatesd. inhibitory or excitatory effectse. conscious or unconscious controlf. neurotransmitter(s) used
Transmission of the nerve impulse across a synapse isaccomplished bya. the release of Na+ at the presynaptic membrane.b. the release of neurotransmitters at the postsynaptic membrane.c. the reception of neurotransmitters at the postsynapticmembrane.d. Both a and c are correct.
Excitatory neurons A and B both synapse with neuron C. Neuron A releasesa neurotransmitter, and neuron B releases the same type and amount ofneurotransmitter plus a neuromodulator that produces EPSPs in neuron C.Action potentials produced in neuron A alone can result in action potentialproduction in neuron C. Action potentials produced in neuron B alone alsocan cause action potential production in neuron C. Which results in moreaction potentials in neuron C, stimulation by only neuron A or stimulationby only neuron B? Explain.
Ordinarily, a neuron’s trigger zone is activated before any other part ofan axon, so a wave of action potentials occurs as sodium channelsopen in the direction of the synaptic terminal. What would happen ifyou artificially stimulated an axon to reach threshold potential midwayalong its length rather than at the trigger zone?a. Action potentials would occur in the direction of the synapticterminal.b. No action potentials would occur.c. Action potentials would occur in the direction of the trigger zone.d. Both a and c are correct.
Visit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurolab)to see a virtual neurophysiology lab, and to observeelectrophysiological processes in the nervous system,where scientists directly measure the electrical signalsproduced by neurons. Often, the action potentials occur sorapidly that watching a screen to see them occur is nothelpful. A speaker is powered by the signals recorded froma neuron and it “pops” each time the neuron fires an actionpotential. These action potentials are firing so fast that itsounds like static on the radio. Electrophysiologists canrecognize the patterns within that static to understand whatis happening. Why is the leech model used for measuringthe electrical activity of neurons instead of using humans?
. Suppose a particular neurotransmitter causes an IPSP inpostsynaptic cell X and an EPSP in postsynaptic cell Y. A likelyexplanation is that(A) the threshold value in the postsynaptic membraneis different for cell X and cell Y.(B) the axon of cell X is myelinated, but that of cell Y is not.(C) only cell Y produces an enzyme that terminates the activityof the neurotransmitter.(D) cells X and Y express different receptor molecules for thisparticular neurotransmitter.