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Match the pattern of inheritance to the appropriate term.
![Of mosquitos carrying the
genotype for swarming behavior
(S_), only females express the
swarming trait.
A cross between a pure-breeding
green toad and a pure-breeding
white toad produce an F2
phenotypic ratio of 9 green toads :
3 orange toads : 3 blue toads : 1
white toad.
Pure-breeding pumpkin plants
grown on sandy soil have bigger
seeds than plants of the same
pure-breeding lineage grown on
peaty soil.
Individuals homozygous for a
mutation in SME have a
heightened sense of smell and
large earlobes.
Alleles at locus S cause smelliness
in trolls; for any genotype, male
trolls are smellier than female trolls
with the same genotype.
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- A wild-type fruit fly (heterozygous for gray body color andred eyes) is mated with a black fruit fly with purple eyes. Theoffspring are wild-type, 721; black purple, 751; gray purple, 49;black red, 45. What is the recombination frequency betweenthese genes for body color and eye color? Using informationfrom problem 3, what fruit flies (genotypes and phenotypes)would you mate to determine the order of the body color, wingsize, and eye color genes on the chromosome?I've observed varying egg mimic sizes on female fins: large, small, or none. I found that this trait follows Mendelian genetics with a single locus having two alleles: BB (large mimic), Bb (small mimic), and bb (no mimic). During a recent collection trip, we gathered 211 males with large egg mimics, 156 with small mimics, and 28 with no mimics. Is the locus in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and what's the expected frequency of the small egg mimic phenotype in this population? 1.Yes it is in HW equilibrium, expected = 0.07 2.Yes it is in HW equilibrium, expected = 0.39 3.No it is not in HW equilibrium, expected = 0.53 4.No it is not in HW equilibrium, expected = 0.20 5.No it is not in HW equilibrium, expected = 1.0The dominant allele H reduces the number of bodybristles in fruit flies, giving rise to a hairless phenotype. In the homozygous condition, H is lethal. Thedominant allele S has no effect on bristle number except in the presence of H, in which case a single S allele suppresses the hairless phenotype, thus restoringthe bristles. However, S is also lethal in homozygotes.a. What ratio of flies with normal bristles to hairlessindividuals would we find in the live progeny of across between two normal flies both carrying theH allele in the suppressed condition?b. When the hairless progeny of the previous cross arecrossed with one of the parental normal flies frompart (a) (meaning a fly that carries H in the suppressed condition), what phenotypic ratio wouldyou expect to find among their live progeny?
- . Consider the genotypes of two lines of chickens: thepure-line mottled Honduran is i/i ; D/D ; M/M ; W/W, andthe pure-line leghorn is I/I ; d/d ; m/m ; w/w, whereI = white feathers, i = colored feathersD = duplex comb, d = simplex combM = bearded, m = beardlessW = white skin, w = yellow skinThese four genes assort independently. Starting withthese two pure lines, what is the fastest and mostconvenient way of generating a pure line that has coloredfeathers, has a simplex comb, is beardless, and has yellowskin? Make sure that you showa. the breeding pedigree.b. the genotype of each animal represented.c. how many eggs to hatch in each cross, and why thisnumber.d. why your scheme is the fastest and the mostconvenientIn jabuticaba tree plant, Plinia cauliflora, the AA, Aa plants round fruit and aa oval fruit, the CC, Cc individuals show dark purple fruit and cc individuals are yellow; for the B locus B1B1 plants have all the fruit in their bark, B2B2 plants have fruit in the branches only and B1B2 plants have fruit in their bark and branches. A trihybrid jabuticaba having the genotype AaB1B2Cc is self-fertilized. Is there complete dominance at the B loci, yes or no? Please explain.Let’s suppose that pigmentation in a species of insect is controlledby a single gene that exists as two alleles, D for dark and d for light.The heterozygote, Dd, is intermediate in color. In a heterogeneousenvironment, the allele frequencies are D = 0.7 and d = 0.3. Thispolymorphism is maintained because the environment has somedimly lit forested areas and some sunny fields. During a hurricane,a group of 1000 insects is blown to a completely sunny area. In thisenvironment, the relative fitness values are DD = 0.3, Dd = 0.7, anddd = 1.0. What are the predicted allele frequencies in thenext generation?
- In gryphons, coat color is determined by a single gene with a completely dominant black (B) allele and a recessive white allele (b). Beak shape is determined by a single gene with a completely dominant sharp beak allele (R) and a recessive round beak allele (r). The color and beak genes are linked by 25 cM(= centimorgans = map units). If a female heterozyogous at both loci has the dominant alleles linked in cis, she will produce gametes that have what genotypes in what ratios?In gryphons, coat color is determined by a single gene with a completely dominant black (B) allele and a recessive white allele (b). Beak shape is determined by a single gene with a completely dominant sharp beak allele (R) and a recessive round beak allele (r). The color and beak genes are linked by 25 cM(= centimorgans = map units). If a female heterozyogous at both loci has the dominant alleles linked in cis, she will produce gametes that have what genotypes in what ratios? Explain your answer.a. Alleles of genes on the X chromosome can also be atequilibrium, but the equilibrium frequencies underthe Hardy-Weinberg assumptions must be calculatedseparately for the two sexes. For a gene with two alleles A and a at frequencies of p and q, respectively,write expressions that describe the equilibrium frequencies for all the genotypes in men and women.b. Approximately 1 in 10,000 males in the UnitedStates is afflicted with hemophilia, an X-linkedrecessive condition. If you assume that the population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what proportion of American females would be hemophiliacs?About how many female hemophiliacs would youexpect to find among the 170 million women livingin the United States? (Assume that all females withhemophilia are homozygous for the disease allele.)
- Some people can taste the bitter compound phenylthiocarbamide while others cannot. This trait isgoverned by a single autosomal gene; the allele fortasting is completely dominant with respect to the allele for nontasting. Among 1707 Hawaiians tested forthe ability to taste, 1326 tasters were found. Assumingthat the population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibriumfor this gene and that mating is purely random:a. What are the allele frequencies for the tasting alleleT [= (p)] and for the nontasting allele t [= (q)]?b. What are the genotype frequencies in the population?c. Of all the matings in the population, what proportion will be between two nontasters?d. Of all the matings in the population, what proportion will be between a taster and a nontaster?e. Of all the matings in the population, what proportion will be between a taster male and a nontasterfemale?f. What proportion of all of the progeny produced byall matings between a taster male and a nontasterfemale will be nontasters?g. Of all…Different species of crickets have distinct songs, andthey use these songs for mate recognition. Researcherscrossed two species of Hawaiian crickets (Laupala paranigra and L. kohalensis) whose songs are distinguishedby pulse rate (the number of pulses per second; Shaw etal., Molecular Ecology 16, 2007, 2879–2892.) Then, theymapped QTL in the F2 population derived from thiscross. Six autosomal QTL were detected. The mean traitvalues (pulses per second) at the three genotypic classesin the F2 for each QTL are shown in the table below,where P indicates the L. paranigra allele and K indicatesthe L. kohalensis allele.a. Calculate the additive (A) and dominance (D) effectsand the D/A ratio for each of the six QTL.b. Which of these QTL shows the greatest amount ofdominance?c. Which of these has the largest additive effect?d. The mean pulse rate for L. kohalensis is 3.72, and it is0.71 for L. paranigra. Do all six QTL act in the expecteddirection with the L. kohalensis allele conferring a…Color blindness in humans is an X-linked recessive trait. Approximately10% of the men in a particular population are color blind.a. If mating is random with respect to the color-blindness locus, what isthe frequency of the color-blindness allele in this population?b. What proportion of the women in this population are expected to becolor blind?c. What proportion of the women in this population are expected to beheterozygous carriers of the color-blindness allele?