Help me understand how to do this question Max Richardsonx operates a gourmet bakery, renowned for its artisanalsourdough bread. He observed that the demand for his bread follows a normaldistribution with a mean of 155 loaves and a standard deviation of 20 loaves.He incurs a cost of $9 per loaf, which he sells for $17. Unsold loaves at the endof the day are donated to a local food bank, for which he receives $2 per loaf.Based on this information, the ideal service level is ____%. (Do not round yourintermediate calculations. Round your final answer to the nearest wholenumber. Only enter the number. Do not enter any units.

to find;the ideal service level %given:mean loaves and standard deviation loavescost incurred in…

Answered: Max Richardsonx operates a gourmet…

Practical Management Science

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337406659

Author:WINSTON, Wayne L.

Publisher:WINSTON, Wayne L.

Chapter10: Introduction To Simulation Modeling

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 35P: Lemingtons is trying to determine how many Jean Hudson dresses to order for the spring season....

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Lemingtons is trying to determine how many Jean Hudson dresses to order for the spring season. Demand for the dresses is assumed to follow a normal distribution with mean 400 and standard deviation 100. The contract between Jean Hudson and Lemingtons works as follows. At the beginning of the season, Lemingtons reserves x units of capacity. Lemingtons must take delivery for at least 0.8x dresses and can, if desired, take delivery on up to x dresses. Each dress sells for 160 and Hudson charges 50 per dress. If Lemingtons does not take delivery on all x dresses, it owes Hudson a 5 penalty for each unit of reserved capacity that is unused. For example, if Lemingtons orders 450 dresses and demand is for 400 dresses, Lemingtons will receive 400 dresses and owe Jean 400(50) + 50(5). How many units of capacity should Lemingtons reserve to maximize its expected profit?
The Tinkan Company produces one-pound cans for the Canadian salmon industry. Each year the salmon spawn during a 24-hour period and must be canned immediately. Tinkan has the following agreement with the salmon industry. The company can deliver as many cans as it chooses. Then the salmon are caught. For each can by which Tinkan falls short of the salmon industrys needs, the company pays the industry a 2 penalty. Cans cost Tinkan 1 to produce and are sold by Tinkan for 2 per can. If any cans are left over, they are returned to Tinkan and the company reimburses the industry 2 for each extra can. These extra cans are put in storage for next year. Each year a can is held in storage, a carrying cost equal to 20% of the cans production cost is incurred. It is well known that the number of salmon harvested during a year is strongly related to the number of salmon harvested the previous year. In fact, using past data, Tinkan estimates that the harvest size in year t, Ht (measured in the number of cans required), is related to the harvest size in the previous year, Ht1, by the equation Ht = Ht1et where et is normally distributed with mean 1.02 and standard deviation 0.10. Tinkan plans to use the following production strategy. For some value of x, it produces enough cans at the beginning of year t to bring its inventory up to x+Ht, where Ht is the predicted harvest size in year t. Then it delivers these cans to the salmon industry. For example, if it uses x = 100,000, the predicted harvest size is 500,000 cans, and 80,000 cans are already in inventory, then Tinkan produces and delivers 520,000 cans. Given that the harvest size for the previous year was 550,000 cans, use simulation to help Tinkan develop a production strategy that maximizes its expected profit over the next 20 years. Assume that the company begins year 1 with an initial inventory of 300,000 cans.
Rex manufacturing purchases a printed circuit board for use in its automatic, computerized, robotbartender. The manufacturing facility has placed the following monthly demands on purchasedgoods inventory during the past year. Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Demand 205 193 197 220 202 226 179 197 186 202 179 214 This demand schedule can be assumed to be random, to follow a normal distribution, and to berepresentative of what will occur in the future. Rex estimates that a fixed cost of $300 isincurred each time an order is placed for the boards, and that the inventory holding cost is about20% per year of the value of inventory. Each board has an estimated value of $192 at the pointof storage. The lead time on purchase orders is (1/5) month.Part A: What is the EOQ?Part B: What is the safety stock required to assure the management that the chance of a stock outin a cycle is no more than 1%?Part C: What is the reorder level?
3. Cynthia Knott’s oyster bar buys fresh Louisiana oysters for $5 per pound and sells them for $12 per pound. Any oysters not sold that day are sold to her cousin, who has a nearby grocery store, for $1 per pound. Cynthia believes that demand follows the normal distribution, with a mean of 100 pounds and a standard deviation of 15 pounds. a) What is the cost of underestimating demand for each pound? b) What is the overage cost per pound? c) How many pounds of oyster should she order each day? d) What is the stockout risk for this order size?
A hot dog vendor at Wrigley Field sells hot dogs for$1.50 each. He buys them for $1.20 each. All the hot dogshe fails to sell at Wrigley Field during the afternoon can besold that evening at Comiskey Park for $1 each. The dailydemand for hot dogs at Wrigley Field is normally distributedwith a mean of 40 and a standard deviation of 10.a If the vendor buys hot dogs once a day, how manyshould he buy?b If he buys 52 hot dogs, what is the probability that hewill meet all of the day’s demand for hot dogs at Wrigley?
An automotive warehouse stocks a variety of parts that are sold at neighborhoodstores. One particular part, a popular brand of oil filter, is purchased by thewarehouse for $1.50 each. It is estimated that the cost of order processing andreceipt is $100 per order. The company uses an inventory carrying charge based on warehouse for $1.50 each. It is estimated that the cost of order processing andreceipt is $100 per order. The company uses an inventory carrying charge based ona 28 percent annual interest rate.The monthly demand for the filter follows a normal distribution with mean280 and standard deviation 77. Order lead time is assumed to be five months.Assume that if a filter is demanded when the warehouse is out of stock, then thedemand is back-ordered, and the cost assessed for each back-ordered demand is$12.80. Determine the following quantities:a. The optimal values of the order quantity and the reorder level.b. The average annual cost of holding, setup, and stock-out associated…
Three years ago, Barbara Jones started a business that creates and delivers holiday and birthday gift baskets to students at the local university. Barbara sells the baskets for $ 29 each, and her variable costs are $ 19 per basket. She incurs $ 12,500 in fixed costs each year. Last year, Barbara sold 4,000 baskets, and she believes that demand this year will be stable at 4,000 baskets. The following are the actions Barbara could take if she wants to earn $ 30,900 in operating income by selling only 4,000 baskets. Consider each action independently. (Round per unit answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 52.75 and fixed cost to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275.) Raise selling price per unit to? Reduce variable costs per unit to? Reduce fixed costs to?
Every four years, Blockbuster Publishers revises its textbooks. It has been three years since the best-selling book, The Joy of OR, has been revised. At present, 2,000 copies of the book are in stock, and Blockbuster must determine how many copies of the book should be printed for the next year. The sales department believes that sales during the next year are governed by the distribution in Table 8. Each copy of Joy sold during the next year brings the publisher $35 in revenues. Any copies left at the end of the next year cannot be sold at full price but can be sold for $5 to Bonds Ennoble and Gitano’s bookstores. The cost of a printing of the book is $50,000 plus $15 per book printed. How many copies of Joy should be printed? Would the answer change if 4,000 copies were currently in stock? Table 8: Copies Demanded Probability 5,000 .30 6,000 .20 7,000 .40 8,000 .10
Annual demand for number 2 pencils at the campus store is normally distributed with mean 1,000 and standard deviation 250. The store purchases the pencils for 6 cents each and sells them for 20 cents each. There is a two-month lead time from the initiation to the receipt of an order. The store accountant estimates that the cost in employee time for performing the necessary paperwork to initiate and receive an order is $20, and recommends a 22 percent annual interest rate for determining holding cost. The cost of a stock-out is the cost of lost profit plus an additional 20 cents per pencil, which represents the cost of loss of goodwill. Consider the problem of satisfying the demand for number 2 pencils faced by the campus store mentioned above.a. Re-solve the problem, substituting a Type 1 service level criterion of 95 percent for the stock-out cost.b. Re-solve the problem, substituting a Type 2 service level criterion of 95 percent for the stock-out cost. Assume that Q is given by the…
A home improvement store sells hydrangea plants during the spring planting season. The hydrangeas cost the store $15 per unit, and sell to customers for $45, but any leftovers at the end of the season are salvaged to a local landscaper for $7/unit. A competitor has advertised that it guarantees 99% of customers find the product they’re looking for in stock. The competitor’s posted price for hydrangeas is $50, and they salvage to the same local landscaper for $7/ hydrangea plant. If the competitor’s advertised service level is correct for hydrangeas and they follow an optimal stocking policy, what does it imply their cost per hydrangea is?
Andria Mullins, financial manager of Webster Electronics, has been asked by the firm's CEO, Fred Weygandt, to evaluate the company's inventory control techniques and to lead a discussion of the subject with the senior executives. Andria plans to use as an example one of Webster's "big ticket" items, a customized computer microchip which the firm uses in its laptop computer. Each chip costs Webster P200, and in addition it must pay its supplier a P1,000 fee on each order. Further, the minimum order size is 250 units; Webster's annual usage forecast is 5,000 units; and the annual carrying cost of this item is estimated to be 20 percent of the average inventory unit cost. Andria plans to begin her session with the senior executives by reviewing some basic inventory concepts, after which she will apply the EOQ model to Webster's microchip inventory. Question: Why is inventory management vital to the financial health of most firms?
A grocer purchases plums for $2.95 per pound and sells them for $4.62 per pound. At the end of the sales cycle, leftover plums are sold for a closeout price of $1.76 per pound. The grocer purchases 10,380 pounds of plums. Expected demand is normally distributed with a mean of 8,304 pounds and a standard deviation of 1,038. What is the grocer's expected profit?

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