Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system. What type of cell would be the most likely target of this disease? Why? Which type of neuron, based on its shape, is best suited for relaying information directly from one neuron to another? Explain why. Sensory fibers, or pathways, are referred to as “afferent.” Motor fibers, or pathways, are referred to as “efferent.” What can you infer about the meaning of these two terms (afferent and efferent) in a structural or anatomical context?

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system. What type of cell would be the most likely target of this disease? Why? Which type of neuron, based on its shape, is best suited for relaying information directly from one neuron to another? Explain why. Sensory fibers, or pathways, are referred to as “afferent.” Motor fibers, or pathways, are referred to as “efferent.” What can you infer about the meaning of these two terms (afferent and efferent) in a structural or anatomical context?

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter39: Information Flow And The Neuron

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1TYK

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Stellate cells initially process sensory input to the cortex, whereas pyramidal cells send fibers from the cortex to terminate on efferent motor neurons. (True or false)
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In what way does the interior surface of the cell membrane of a resting (non-conducting) neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is: positively charged and contains less sodium. negatively charged and contains less sodium. negatively charged and contains less potassium positively charged and contains more sodium.
Which type of neuron, based on its shape, is bestsuited for relaying information directly from one neuron toanother? Explain why.
Applying a pressure stimulus to the fluid-filled capsule of an isolated Pacinian corpuscle causes a brief burst of action potentials in the afferent neuron, which ceases until the pressure is removed, at which time another brief burst of action potentials occurs. If an experimenter removes the capsule and applies pressure directly to the afferent neuron ending, action potentials are continuously fired during the stimulus. Explain these results in the context ofadaptation.
Schwann cells are a type of glial cell found in the nervous system. In addition to the conduction of nerve impulses, the outermost layer called neurilemma aids in nerve development and regeneration. Which of the following explains why the neurons in the brain cannot repair damage like the neurons in your hands or feet can? a. Neurons in the central nervous system lack neurilemma of Schwann cells. b. Neurons in the peripheral nervous system are surrounded by grey matter. c. Axons of the peripheral nervous system lack neurilemma of Schwann cells. d. Neurons in the central nervous system are surrounded by white matter.
Define the following terms: neuron, axon, dendrite, myelin sheath, afferent neuron, efferent neuron, association neuron.
If all the Ca2+ in the fluid surrounding a neuron were removed, how would this affect the transmission of information within and between neurons?
Which of the following conduct sensory impulses to theCNS from receptors in muscle or skin?a. general somatic efferent fibersb. general somatic afferent fibersc. general visceral afferent fibersd. general visceral efferent fibers
With respect to the three structural types of neurons (unipolar, bipolar & multipolar): State which parts of each type of neuron receive information, which parts integrate information, and which parts conduct the output signal of the neuron. Describe the location of the cell bodies of each type of neuron within the nervous system.
Because the long axons of neurons look like electrical wires, and both neurons and electrical wires conduct electricity, it is tempting to equate the two. Compare and contrast the functioning of axons and electrical wires in terms of their structure and the nature of the electrical signals they conduct. Please include references.
. Describe the basic pathway of information flow throughneurons that causes you to turn your head when someone calls your name.