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Q: a) What is the intermediate frequency and why is it necessary (why not simply use the RF frequency…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: Derive the equation to get the message from DSB-SC signal using homodyne receiver.

A:

Q: A cellular service provider decides to use a digital TDMA scheme which can tolerate a signal-…

A: The sectoring technique is implemented in the wireless communications channels and their respective…

Q: 4. A boat is equipped with a VHF marine radio which it uses to communicate with other nearby boats…

A:

Q: For a communication link what are the different types of modulation and their diagrams including…

A: Modulation : It is the process, where properties of carrier signal  lke amplitude, phase or…

Q: State how the frequency of a carrier varies in an FM system when the modulating signal amplitude and…

A:

Q: discuss how the information signal is recovered from an FM signal using slope detector

A: Slope detector is a demodulation of frequency modulated signal.     Frequency modulation is a angle…

Q: pr application for the FM ?*

A:

Q: Describe the general characteristics of the equivalent circuits that apply to the low…

A: In Low-frequency range the coupling and bypass capacitors must be included in the equivalent circuit…

Q: A 1 MHz carrier of 10V amplitude, when frequecny modulated by a 400 Hz, 1V modulating signal, under…

A: Given, fc=1 MHzAc=10 Vfm1=400 HzAm1=1 V∆f=1 kHzfm2=1 kHzAm2=2 V

Q: 4. A wireless host is initially located 8m away from the transmitter. The signal power at this…

A: we are authorized to do only one question at a time so i am solving question 4 only Distance of foot…

Q: A cellular service provider decides to use a digital TDMA scheme which can tolerate a signal-…

A: According to question we have to find the value of optimal value of N for (a) omnidirectional…

Q: 5. What is Carson's bandwidth formula?

A:

Q: hen sam cable. - FALS . TRUE

A:

Q: For a conversation signal from a phone call, what its frequency domain plot looks like?

A: frequency signal Frequency is measured in  a Hertz (Hz), i.e 1 cycle per second. The radio spectrum…

Q: For an AM superheterodyne receiver using high-side injection with local oscillator frequency of 1400…

A:

Q: (b) In an FHSS system, a hopping bandwidth of 120 MHz and a frequency spacing of 12 kHz is used.…

A: b) Given that, In a Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) system has hopping bandwidth of 120MHz…

Q: How large is the dish diameter (in wavelength and in meters) that is needed for a 80 dB gain at 300…

A: The Gain for a parabolic dish antenna is given by the below Formula: G=10log10KπDλ2Where,G=Gain in…

Q: 7. Specify the applications of BFSK?

A: BFSK : BFSK is known as binary frequency shift keying it is a tyoe of modulation technique which…

Q: A wireless communication system has a trasmit power Pt = 10 mW. Through extensive measurements, the…

A: A wireless communication system has a transmit power Pt = 10 mW. Through extensive measurements, the…

Q: What is the purpose of a discriminator in an FM broadcast receiver?

A: Discriminator recovers modulating signal from the IF signal. It converts received FM signals into…

Q: Q8. What are potential uses of wireless multicasting in a realistic setup?

A: Multicasting is nothing but sending a single message to group of people. For example if we want to…

Q: Consider a cellular system with operating frequencies around fc = 900 MHz, cells of radius100 m, and…

A: We need to find transmitted power for given system .

Q: 3. Determine the practical bandwidth of an FM signal modulated by a 15 kHz tone whose frequency…

A: Modulation index is deviation frequency/message frequency  m= 45/15 = 3

Q: With a neat diagram show the reflections occurring in a transmission line. Hence explain thec…

A: The power system has to transmit power from the generation side to the load side. For this purpose,…

Q: 2. Determine the power of the narrowband FM modulation

A: We need to find out power of narrow band frequency modulated signal.

Q: Derive the frequency reuse factor for a triangular cell

A:

Q: What is the channel capacity, in bits per second, of a 20-MHz channel with an S/N ratio of 23 dB?

A: Given, S/N ratio = 23 dB Bandwidth = 20 MHz

Q: Design a 5-ELEMENT YAGI-UDA antenna for a 641.14 MHz frequency, with the following contents: a.…

A: 5 Element YAGI-UDA antenna is an antenna which are fixed on a pole with 5 perpendicular metal rods…

Q: 4. A boat is equipped with a VHF marine radio which it uses to communicate with other nearby boats…

A:

Q: (a) Sketch the satellite communication system between the transmitter and the describe the type of…

A: A satellite communication is define as the communication which has an involvement of satellite…

Q: Direct method for generation of FM signal does not give high stability to FM signal frequency O a.…

A: solve prob.

Q: A 1 MHz carrier of 10V amplitude, when frequecny modulated by a 400 Hz, 1V modulating signal , under…

A: Bandwidth of FM can be calculated by Carson rule   Now as per Carson rule 2(fm+∆f) ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ Equation…

Q: For 860 MHz carrier frequency and for the geometry and

A:

Q: :Q2. Explain the following for the VHF :Frequency :Wavelength :Propagation Via

A: given VHF

Q: In layman's term, explain intermediate frequency and its importance. What is the use of intermediate…

A: An intermediate frequency (IF) is a frequency to which a carrier is shifted as an intermediate step…

Q: For the following ASM chart , Complete the design procedure.

A: We have ASM chart. We will follow the chart to design block diagram and controller.

Q: 5. The short circuit load is connected to a transmission line. When the transmission line length is…

A:

Q: Determine the signal that the spacecraft originally sent and hence the value A of the measurement. A…

A: Any member of the harmonic series is referred to as a harmonic. A harmonic is a wave that has a…

Q: -18 A baseband signal having components from near de to 8 kHz is used to frequency modulate a…

A:

Q: Please discuss an aspect of the weighting function for the array elements.

A: The aspects of the weighting function for the array elements is as follows: A weighting technique is…

Q: A transmission line is to be inserted between a 5 Ω line and a 50 Ω load so that there is maximum…

A: The Given transmission line is to be inserted between 5 ohm line and 50 ohm There is maximum power…

Q: 2. Calculate the channel capacity of a communication system with a channel bandwidth of 1 MHz and…

A:

Q: Why S-Parameters are with proper mathemati cal equations? required to analyze the Microwave networks…

A: Microwave networks- Microwave networks are used for transmission of information by microwave radio…

Q: 6. What is the relation between carrier frequency of received signal and the intermediate frequency…

A: The relationship between the carrier frequency and intermediate frequency is in step-2.

Antenna Characteristics

The antenna is an important concept in the domain of electronics and communication engineering. An antenna forms an integral part of many commonly used devices such as wireless modems, routers, game controllers, mobile phones, bluetooth devices, and so on. In simple terms, any wireless communication makes use of antennas to serve the purpose. An antenna, also known by the term 'arial', is an electrical device that converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic waves into electrical signals. An antenna contains a transmission line usually made up of co-axial cable, it then receives the signals and converts them into electromagnetic waves, which are then transmitted via space into their required destination. A communication system essentially makes use of two antennas, a transmission antenna, which converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves, and a receiving antenna, which receives the electromagnetic waves and converts them back into electrical signals.