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- The circuit shown in Figure P4.39 is operating in steady state with the switch closed prior to t=0. Find expressions for i L ( t ) for t<0 and for t≥0. Sketch iL(t) to scale versus timeConsider the circuit shown in Figure P4.70. a. Write the differential equation for v(t). b. Find the damping coefficient, the natural frequency, and the form of the complementary solution. c. Usually, for a sinusoidal forcing function, we try a particular solution of the form v p ( t)=A cos( 10 4 t )+B sin( 10 4 t ). Why doesn’t that work in this case? d. Find the particular solution. [Hint: Try a particular solution of the form v p ( t)=At cos( 10 4 t )+B t sin( 10 4 t ). ] e. Find the complete solution for v(t).Due to components not shown in the figure, the circuit of Figure P4.41 has i L ( 0 )= I i . a. Write an expression for i L (t) for t≥0. b. Find an expression for the power delivered to the resistance as a function of time. c. Integrate the power delivered to the resistance from t=0 to t=∞, and show that the result is equal to the initial energy stored in the inductance
- Consider the circuit shown in Figure P4.55. a. Write the differential equation for v(t).b. Find the time constant and the form of the complementary solution.c. Usually, for an exponential forcing function like this, we would try a particular solution ofthe form vp(t) = K exp (−10t). Why doesn’t that work in this case?d. Find the particular solution. [Hint: Try a particular solution of the form vp(t)=K t exp (−10t). How ]e. Find the complete solution for v(t).A lossy capacitor Cx, rated for operation of 5 kV, 50 Hz is represented by an equivalent circuit with an ideal capacitor Cp in parallel with a resistor Rp. Cp is 0.102 microF and Rp=1.25 Mohm. The power loss, and loss tangent of this lossy capacitor at rated voltage respectively ?a. Find the equivalent impedance ZL shown inFigure P4.66(a), as seen by the source, if thefrequency is 377 rad/s.b. If we wanted the source to see the load ascompletely resistive, what value of capacitanceshould we place between the terminals a and b asshown in Figure P4.66(b)? Hint: Find an expressionfor the equivalent impedance ZL, and then find C sothat the phase angle of the impedance is zero.
- Determine expressions for and sketch v R ( t ) to scale versus time for the circuit of Figure P4.43. The circuit is operating in steady state with the switch closed prior to t=0. Consider the time interval −1≤t≤5 ms.Hodgkin-Huxley type models represent the biophysical characteristic of cell membranes. The typical Hodgkin-Huxley model treats each component of an excitable cell as an electrical ele- ment, as shown in the figure. Extracellular medium gn(t,v) 60 w Intracellular medium (i) Explain the biological meanings of the capacitance (Cm), conductances (gn and gl), and batteries (E). (ii) State the equations for the current flowing through the lipid bilayer, and the current through a given ion channel. (iii) State the equation for the total current through the membrane of a cell with sodium and potassium channels. Explain the biophysical meaning of all parameters. (iv) Ion pumps and exchangers are represented in the model by current sources (Ip). Explain how the sodium-potassium exchanger functions.Consider the circuit shown in Figure P4.18. Prior to t=0, v 1 =100 V, and v 2 =0.a. Immediately after the switch is closed, what is the value of the current [i.e., what is thevalue of i( 0+ ) ]?b. Write the KVL equation for the circuit in terms of the current and initial voltages. Take thederivative to obtain a differential equation.c. What is the value of the time constant in this circuit?d. Find an expression for the current as a function of time.e. Find the value that v2 approaches as t becomes very large.
- The figure shows a circuit containing an electromotive force, a capacitor with a capacitance of C farads (F), and a resistor with a resistance of R ohms (Ω). The voltage drop across the capacitor is Q/C, where Q is the charge (in coulombs, C), so in this case Kirchhoff’s Law givesWrite the differential equation for t > 0 for iC in the given figure. Assume VS = 9 V, RS = 4 kohm, R1 = 11 kohm, and R2 = R3 = 20 kohm.Given circuit, capacitor voltage is at 0 V with switch SW1 open. At time t0, switch SW1 is closed. At time t0, what is the voltage v? What is the voltage v at time infinity? At time t0, what is the current through R2? What is the current through R2 at time infinity?