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- Describe the 6 step sequence of events that occurs at the NMJ in response to a nerve Action Potential.Explain summation of EPSPs and IPSPs and the relationship to the initiation of an action potential.Draw a typical action potential (correctly label axis) and explain in words the roles of ion channels in generating the different phases of the action potential. (Extra credit: How would opening voltage gated calcium channels upon depolarization affect the shape of the action potential if they have a relatively slow inactivation rate?)
- Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/summation) to learn about summation. The process of converting electrical signals to chemical signals and back requires subtle changes that can result in transient increases or decreases in membrane voltage. To cause a lasting change in the target cell, multiple signals are usually added together, or summated. Does spatial summation have to happen all at once, or can the separate signals arrive on the postsynaptic neuron at slightly different times? Explain your answer.Draw and label an action potential, indicating the ion movements responsible for the rising phase and the falling phase.Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurotrans) to learn about the release of a neurotransmitter. The action potential reaches the end of the axon, called the axon terminal, and a chemical signal is released to tell the target cell to do something, either initiate a new action potential, or to suppress that activity. In a very short space, the electrical signal of the action potential is changed into the chemical signal of a neurotransmitter, and then back to electrical changes in the target cell membrane. What is the importance of voltage-gated calcium channels in the release of neurotransmitters?
- View the University of Michigan Webscope (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/nervefiber) to see an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a myelinated nerve fiber. The axon contains microtubules and neurofilaments, bounded by a plasma membrane known as the axolemma. Outside the plasma membrane of the axon is the myelin sheath, which is composed of the tightly wrapped plasma membrane of a Schwann cell. What aspects of the cells in this image react with the stain that makes them the deep, dark, black color, such as the multiple layers that are the myelin sheath?Describe the changes in the neuron membrane that occur throughout the course of an action potential. 2: Mention: Resting-state, threshold, depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization. 3: mention how the action potential is related to neuron communication. (300 words)If postsynaptic membrane permeability is increased, is theneuron more easily stimulated or less excitable?
- Indicate which gate is responsible for halting the rising phase of the action potential. 1- Na+ inactivation gate opens 2- Sodium activation gate closes 3-Na+ inactivation gate closes 4- K+ gate closes 5-Na+ activation gate opens. “Facilitation in a neuronal pool” refers to .State whether the channels listed would be open or closed at the corresponding numbered phases of the action potential graph. Phase on Graph Sodium Voltage Gated channels Potassium Voltage Gated channels 1 2 3 4