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- Is the following case study an r-strategist or a K-strategist? American toads practice explosive reproduction. During the first warm days in spring, both males and females migrate from forests and converge on ponds. Reproduction is quick, taking only a few days. Females lay hundreds of eggs in jelly-filled sacks along the sides of the pond or stream. As soon as the eggs are laid, males and females abruptly leave the pond. Offspring are left to develop, hatch, and grow on their own, maturing in about three months.Define the term ‘biological success’. Using labelled diagrams where appropriate, explain clearly why insects can be considered to be a biologically successful group. (400- maximum word limit)Old People e = 100 calories λ = 10 per night h = 2 hours Middle Aged People e = 400 calories λ = 20 per night h = 5 hours Young Adults e = 300 calories λ = 10 per night h = 2.5 hours Suppose that the organism need 1000 calories per night. - Which food item should the organism prefer, and which ones would you expect them to eat on a regular basis? Explain why and show calculations. - Explain marginal value theorem, and how it might relate to an organisms foraging decisions. - λ for Old People should increase in the coming years. How could that affect this organisms feeding on humans?
- Order the following strategies for temporal avoidance of extreme environments in order of increasing intensity (the most intense form has the greatest suppression of metabolic activity and the longest potential duration) A) Hibernation<torpor<cryptobiosis B) Cryptobiosis<torpor<hibernation C) Torpor<hibernation<cryptobiosis D) Cryptobiosis<hibernation<torpor E) Hibernation<cryptobiosis<torporThe figure below illustrates the thermal performance curve for the intrinsic rate of increase (r) of an Aphid insect. Imagine you are studying a population that was historically exposed to 25C during the breeding season, yet climate-change predictions suggest that the population will be exposed to an average of 32C by the end of the 21st century. Select the changes below that you predict could at least partially mediate the consequences of climate change for population growth. Hint: First think about how the climate change described will and will not challenge homeostasis. Next, recall some of our earlier modules that talked about how animals can alter behavior, physiology, etc to maintain homeostasis. Select the answers that could allow the animals to maintain homeostasis given the scenario. a) Do nothing (i.e. no changes) b) Evolve a larger body size with smaller surface-area to volume ratio c) Disperse to lower elevation habitats d) Disperse to higher elevation habitats…Discuss and defend the attributes you would use to define biological successamong animals. Are humans a biological success by these standards? Why?
- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion 6. In a prospective cohort study, it is found that men who drink alcoholic beverages are more likely to develop lung cancer than men who are not drinkers. However, among smokers the risk for lung cancer among drinkers and nondrinkers is the same. Also, among nonsmokers the risk for lung cancer among drinkers and nondrinkers is the same. In this example, smoking is a(n): a. Confounding variable b. Effect modifier c. Neither of the aboveCalculate standardised survival (lx), % mortality, and age-specific survival (px) and mortality (qx) rates for Ovis dalli and Quercus robur by filling in Table 1 show calculationsReproductive modes can be defined based on energetic provisioning (lechithotrophy vs. matritrophy) or birth style (ovipary vs. vivipary). Reproductive modes related to birth style mostly fall into clear categories of energetic provisioning. Define the above four reproductive modes based on energetics and style that make them distinct. Be sure to mention WHEN the relevant events related to each occur. Finally, explain why the birth style of ovovivipary less clearly falls into any one of these categories...
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