On which of these blood vessels would you find alpha-1 receptors (select all that apply)? O Coronary vessels O Enteric (digestive tract) vessels Renal vessels O Hepatic (liver) vessels O None of these vessels would present alpha-1 receptors
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- People with allergies frequently take antihistamines and decongestants to relieve their symptoms. (These medica- tions mimic the effects of sympathetic stimulation.) The medications’ labels warn that such medications should not be taken by individuals being treated for high blood pressure. Why?Beta blockers are used to reduce heart rate in cardiac patients. They slow down the heart rate by reducing the conduction of action potentials through A-V node. How would the effect of beta blockers be reflected on an ECG? Don't copyWhich of these conditions occurs in the repolarization phase of an action potential in pacemaker cells? A voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels are open B voltage-gated K+ ion channels are open C voltage-gated Na+ ion channels are open D all of these
- This photo shows a child receiving an oral vaccine againstpolio, a disease caused by a virus that infects neurons. Giventhat the body cannot readily replace most neurons, why isit important that a polio vaccine stimulate not only acell-mediated response but also a humoral response?Fill in the blank: Baroreceptors (pressoreceptors) located in the walls of the aorta and carotid arteries are sensitive to changes in_______________________.Which of these conditions results the unstable resting membrane potential seen in pacemaker cells? A Na+ ions move into the cell through specialized Na+ ion channels. B Membrane permeability to K+ ions increases. C Voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels close. D All of these are correct.
- Which of the following is most directly responsible for the increasein capillary permeability during the infl ammatory reaction?a. pain c. histamineb. white blood cells d. tissue damageScenario: You and your two other friends were hiking and along the trail, you saw a man who is unconscious, with blood oozing from his head. How should you deal with this situation?a. What is the first thing that you should do?If blood pressure suddenly drops (not more than 10 mmHg) which of these mechanisms will be activated to restore blood pressure a) CNS ischemia reflex b) baroreceptor reflexes c) chemoreflexes
- At point A, note that mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) is slightly lowered despite the large fall in cardiac output (CO). a. Why is CO decreased in response to hemorrhage? b. How is blood pressure maintained so well despite the fall in CO? c. What are the afferent receptors (sensors) responsible for this relatively well-maintained blood pressure at point A? d. What changes in stimuli for these receptors may be contributing to the response at point A? e. What efferent mechanisms mediate the increase in total peripheral resistance (TPR)?The HLA system is important in medicine for two major reasons. What are they?Sympathetic impulses to the smooth muscles in the walls of arteries and arterioles produceA. Vasodilation only C. Vasomotor inhibitionB. Vasodilation and vasoconstriction D. Arteriosclerosis Substances exchanged at the capillary level move through the capillary walls byA. Diffusion B. Filtration C. Osmosis D. Active transport In the measurement of blood pressure, the cuff of the sphygmomanometer usually surroundsA. The radial artery C. The brachiocephalic arteryB. The dorsalis pedis artery D. The brachial artery Arterial blood pressure is independent ofA. Blood Volume B. Heart rate C. Blood Viscosity D. Influx of calcium ions Identify the TRUE statement (s). There may be several correct answers,A. An increased cardiac output is reflected in an elevated diastolic pressure.B. An increased cardiac output is reflected in a decreased diastolic pressure.C. An increase in the force of contraction produces an elevated…