Peptidoglycan is composed of: Strands of repeating subunits of G and M with a short stem peptide linked to G A phospholipid bilayer made from lipopolysaccharides linked to O-antigens A phospholipid bilayer with embedded teichoic acids Strands of repeating subunits of G and M with a short stem peptide linked to M.

Peptidoglycan is composed of: Strands of repeating subunits of G and M with a short stem peptide linked to G A phospholipid bilayer made from lipopolysaccharides linked to O-antigens A phospholipid bilayer with embedded teichoic acids Strands of repeating subunits of G and M with a short stem peptide linked to M.

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter28: Invertebrates

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4RQ: Mesohyl contains: a polysaccharide gel and dead cells a collagen-like gel and suspended cells for...

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. Peptidoglycan is a molecule unique to bacteria that provides strength to the cell wall. The Gram-positive cell wall is composed of a relatively thick layer of peptidoglycan as well as teichoic acids. Gram-negative cell walls have a thin layer of peptidoglycan and a lipopolysaccharide-containing outer membrane. Penicillin and lysozyme interfere with the structural integrity of peptidoglycan. What is the significance of lipid A?
Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by two membrane bilayers separated by a space termed the periplasm. The periplasm is a multipurpose compartment separate from the cytoplasm. The periplasm has a distinct oxidizing environment that allow certain key protein structural features to be formed. Can you identify an amino acid(s) that would be affected by this oxidizing environment? How would it be affected, and what structural features would be sensitive to this environment? Can you discuss the implications of this from a standpoint of recombinant protein expression?
Most bacteria have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, the structure of which makes the cell wall very strong. Explain the specific components that make up the bacterial cell wall which give it strength and protection
Penicillin inhibits bacterial growth by preventing the cross-linking during peptidoglycan synthesis. Why does penicillin not inhibit growth of archaeal cells? Group of answer choices Most archaeal cells have a cell wall, but it is not composed of peptidoglycan. Archaeal cells do not have a cell wall. Penicillin is unable to penetrate the lipid outer membrane that blocks access of penicillin to the peptidogycan crosslinking enzymes. Pencillin is unable to penetrate the S layer to reach the peptidoglycan layer underneath.
Most medically useful antibiotics interfere with either peptidogly¬can synthesis or ribosome function. Why would the cytoplasmic membrane be a poor target for antibacterial medications?
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The cell walls of most members of the phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria lack porins. Why is this the case?
Vesicles forming at the plasma membrane, or at the trans face of the Golgi, and destined only to fuse with endosomes and lysosomes, are generally associated with all of the following proteins except: dynamin proteins cargo receptor proteins clathrin proteins collagen proteins adaptin proteins
(b) E. coli has a protective cell envelope 10 nm thick. What percentage of the total volume of the bacterium does the cell envelope occupy? (c) E. coli is capable of growing and multiplying rapidly because it contains some 15,000 spherical ribosomes (diame- ter 18 nm), which carry out protein synthesis. What percent- age of the cell volume do the ribosomes occupy?
In Gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan cross-link is formed by a peptide bond from the amino group of diaminopimelic acid. DAP forms together with N-acetylglucosamine and Nacetylmuramic acid to form glycan tetrapeptide The first statement is true. The second statement is false. The first statement is false. The second statement is true. Both statements are true. Both statements are false.
Cells with membrane ethers also may have (Select all that apply): Group of answer choices 1. 80S ribosomes 2. peptidoglycan 3. phytanyl 4. monolayers 5. pseudomurein
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