Physical methods are often used to determine protein conformation. Describe how x-ray crystallography, cryoelectron microscopy, and NMR spectroscopy can be used to determine the shapes of proteins. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? Which is better for small proteins? Large proteins? Huge macromolecular assemblies?

Physical methods are often used to determine protein conformation. Describe how x-ray crystallography, cryoelectron microscopy, and NMR spectroscopy can be used to determine the shapes of proteins. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? Which is better for small proteins? Large proteins? Huge macromolecular assemblies?

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter2: Chemistry Of Life

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7RQ: Describe the four levels of protein structure. How do a proteins side groups influence its...

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Describe the four levels of protein structure. How do a proteins side groups influence its interactions with other substances? What happens when a protein is denatured?
Physical methods are often used to determine protein conformation. Describe how x-ray crystallography, cryo electron microscopy, and NMR spectroscopy can be used to determine the shapes of proteins. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? Which is better for small proteins? Large proteins? Huge macromolecular assemblies?
Why is the 3-Dimensional structure important for protein function? What factors or agents can denature protein structure? Give examples (more than one factor) Why denaturation affect the function of proteins? Explain the structure - function relationship.
Describe as completely as possible, the four levels of protein What type of bonds hold a protein together at the primary level? What type of bonds maintain the protein at the secondary and tertiary level? Give an example of secondary, tertiary, and quarternary level proteins. At which level is the protein functional? What happens (at a molecular level) when a protein is denatured?
In order to study protein structures and functions, many protein techniques have been developed for specific applications. Which of the following pair of technique: application is INCORRECT? a. Mass Spectrometry: protein molecular weight b. SDS-PAGE: protein structure c. X-ray crystallography: protein structure d. NMR: protein structure e. Peptide mass fingerprinting: protein presence and identification
Some characteristics of three proteins are listed in the table below: Protein Molecular Weight (Da) Isoelectric point (pI) Does the Protein Contain a heme moiety? 1 75,000 5.0 No 2 12,500 4.8 No 3 73,000 9.8 Yes a. What type of chromatography separates proteins based on their size? b. What type of chromatography separates proteins based on their charge? c. Could gel filtration chromatography be used to separate a mixture containing Protein 2 and 3? Clearly explain why or why not. If gel filtration chromatography can be used to separate Protein 2 from Protein 3, which protein would elute first (clearly explain why)? After collecting the fractions from the column, the absorbance of each fraction will be measured using a spectrophotometer. Can both proteins (Protein 2 and Protein 3) be monitored at 280nm and 400nm (clearly explain)? d. Which 2 proteins listed in the table above could be separated by ion exchange chromatography but NOT by…
Some characteristics of three proteins are listed in the table below: Protein Molecular Weight (Da) Isoelectric point (pI) Does the Protein Contain a heme moiety? 1 25,000 4.5 Yes 2 77,500 10.8 No 3 75,000 4.9 No a) Could gel filtration chromatography be used to separate a mixture containing Protein 1 and 2? Clearly explain why or why not. If it can be used, which protein would elute last (clearly explain why)? After collecting the fractions from the column, the absorbance of each fraction will be measured using a spectrophotometer. Can both proteins 1 and 2 be monitored at 280nm and 400nm (clearly explain)? b) Which 2 proteins listed in the table above could be separated by ion exchange chromatography but NOT by gel filtration? Why? c) Which 2 proteins listed in the table above could be separated by gel filtration chromatography but NOT by ion exchange chromatography? Why?
Which of the following levels of protein structure can involve covalent bond formation? A) Primary B) Secondary C) Teritary D) Quaternary E) Primary and teritary F) Primary, teritary and quaternary
Discuss and identify the four levels of protein structure (primary, secondary, tertiary,and quaternary). Explain how the structure of a protein affects its properties and howdenaturation changes the structure.
Denaturation of protein is a loss of protein structure. Given enough time, can all denatured protein spontaneously renature? Justify answer
Which of the following is TRUE, if the protein pH is electrically neutral? Refer to the graph below. a. The denaturation of protein is lower than 100% b. The denaturation of protein is greater than 100% c. The protein is in native form d. The protein is completely denatured
In general, proteins can be classified into 3 different groups. Name and give a short description of each type and how they are distinct from one another. Provide an example of macromolecule or other complex structure representing each of the three types.