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What are the difference between contractile cells of the heart and electrical cells responsible for generation and conduction of impulses. Why is the cardiac action potential propagated more slowly in an AV node cell than in an atrial or ventricular myocyte? How are the channels and ions that are responsible for depolarization and repolarization work? How can be AV conduction affected by hypokalemia?
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- All of the following are correct about the isovolumetric contraction, except ____________. A. This phase of the cardiac cycle begins with the appearance of the QRS complex of the ECG, which represents atrial repolarization and ventricular depolarization B. It represents the time period between the closure of the AV valves and the opening of the aortic and pulmonic valves, ventricular pressure rises rapidly without a change in ventricular volume C. The rate of pressure increase in the ventricles is determined by the rate of contraction of the muscle fibers, which is determine by mechanisms governing excitation-contraction coupling D. Ventricular chamber geometry changes considerably as the heart becomes more spheroid in shape; circumference increases and atrial base-to-apex length increasesLeaky Na+ channels in the cells of the SA Node do which of the following? a-allow a slow repolarization which causes the delay in the AV Node b-allow a slow depolarization which causes the atria to contract for a longer time and fill the ventricles more completely c-allow a slow repolarization which brings the membrane potential back to a resting state d-allow a slow depolarization that eventually reaches the threshold for voltage-gated Ca2+ channelsWhat is the consequence of the prolonged plateau of depolarization in ventricular myocytes? a-it causes ventricular myocytes to contract for a longer time, allowing the ventricles time to empty b-it gives additional time for the atria to contract, filling the ventricles more completely c-it causes repolarization to be delayed which slows heart rate d-it allows the ventricles a moment to rest before completing contraction
- Why is the cardiac action potential propagated more slowly in an AV node cell then in an atrial or ventricular myocyte?Which of the following channels is responsible for generating the long plateau found in the action potentials of ventricular myocytes? a-slow Na+ channels b-slow Ca2+ channels c-leaky Ca2+ channels d-leaky Na+ channelsWhich of the following statements is true about the SA (sinoatrial) node? a. The action potential created by the pacemaker cells of the SA node directly stimulates the contractile cells of both the atria and ventricles. b. The rate of spontaneous depolarization of nodal cells is the fastest in the SA node. c. Pacemaker cells in the SA node form a pathway between the SA and AV nodes. d. The pacemaker cells, which establish the heart rate, are located only in the SA node.
- Regarding the cardiac cycle at resting HR, when in the cycle does ventricular filling occur? Howimportant is atrial contraction to the EDV? Why is the first part of ventricular contraction isovolumetric?When and why does rapid ejection of blood from the ventricle occur?What is the correct order of events in the left ventricle during the systole phase of the cardiac cycle? a. Ventricular repolarization, ventricular relaxation, 2nd heart sound, AV valve opens, blood moves in b. QRS-complex, ventricular contraction, 2nd heart sound, aortic valve opens, blood moves out c. P-wave, increased ventricular pressure, 1st heart sound, aortic valve opens, blood moves in d. QRS complex, ventricular contraction, 1st heart sound, AV valve opens, blood moves out e. QRS complex, increased ventricular pressure, AV-valve closes, blood moves outWhat can you say about the amplitude of the various waves in different cardiac cycles? The P wave and the QRS complex represent depolarization of the atrial and ventricular muscle respectively. Why does the QRS complex have the largest amplitude? In Steps 7 and 8, heart rate was calculated based upon the peak-to-peak interval of the R waves. Was there variability between the beats? Would you expect the interval between beats to be identical? Why or why not? The range for a normal resting heart rate is 60 to 90 bpm. A trained athlete could have a resting heart rate of 45 to 60 bpm. Why might a very fit person have a slower heart rate than someone of average fitness? Are the amplitudes and durations of the various waves in different individuals similar or very different? What variations in heart rate did you observe between individuals? Explain why ventricular contraction (systole) and the ‘lub’ sound occur immediately after the QRS complex. Explain why ventricular relaxation…
- which of the following groups is most related to the pumping function of the heart? Explain the myocardial layer and conducting system of heart ??. Thx received like.. ?%Which of the following correctly ranks pressures during isovolumetric contraction of a normal cardiac cycle?a. left ventricular > aortic > left atrialb. aortic > left atrial > left ventricularc. left atrial > aortic > left ventriculard. aortic > left ventricular > left atriale. left ventricular > left atrial > aortic
