Predators that are specialists usually have a population abundance: a. That is usually very small. O b. That repeatedly oscillates up and down. C. That is very constant. d. That is mainly affected by climatic factors. That may locally go extinct (so depends on immigration). e.
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- The elimination of predators by humans a. will cause its prey to experience exponential growth until new predators arrive or evolve. b. will lead to an increase in the carrying capacity of the environment. c. may increase the population size of a prey species if that prey’s population was being regulated by predation from the predator. d. will lead to an Allee effect.Which of the following is not true of a population of largepredators in a small reserve?a. The species may disappear from the reserve.b. The species will probably undergo a populationexplosion.c. The species will probably lose genetic diversity.d. The species may overeat its prey, causing a reduction inprey population.Inthe Lotka-Volterra predation model, a prey (host) population in the absence ofpredators would:a.grow exponentially.b.grow logistically.c.grow exponentially, and then crash when it has outstripped its own foodsupply.d.decline to extinction.e.the model makes no assumptions about what happens in the absence ofpredators.
- One characteristic that distinguishes a populationin an extinction vortex from most otherpopulations is that(A) it is a rare, top-level predator.(B) its effective population size is lower than itstotal population size.(C) its genetic diversity is very low.(D) it is not well adapted to edge conditions.A biologist determines the growth rate of a population of 198 frogs in a marsh near Beaverhill Lake, Alberta, to evaluate the quality of the environment. The researcher finds that, in one year, 34 were born, 86 died, 12 migrated into the marsh, and there was no emigration. a. frogs are considered an indicator species for the quality of the environment. Determine whether the growth rate of this population in one year is a cause for concern. if so, what might the concerns be?Which of the following is true of overexploitation? Select ALL that apply. a Only animals are affected by overexploitation. b Overfishing is due to modern fishing techniques that can take a lot of fish at once. c Amphibians are overexploited for food, medicine, and research. d Overexploitation means harvesting species at a rate slower than the population can recover. e Many birds are overcollected for the pet trade.
- Carrying capacity is defined as a species’ average population size in an environment. Which of the following resulted to exceeding carrying capacity in a particular environment? a. increasing birthrates, decreasing deathrates, increasing immigration and no emigration takes place b. increasing birthrates, decreasing deathrates, decreasing immigration and no emigration takes place c. increasing birthrates, decreasing deathrates, decreasing immigration and increasing emigration d. decreasing birthrates, increasing deathrates, increasing immigration and increasing emigrationAll populations become small before going extinct. Is small population size really a cause of extinction, or just something that happens as a result of other factors that cause extinction?Mowingexperiments in a Kansas prairie established that, for small mammals:a.moving individuals travel farther in more fragmented landscapes.b.moving individuals travel farther in less fragmented landscapes.c.more individuals move in more fragmented landscapes.d.fragmentation affects movement distance but not the likelihood ofmovement.e.fragmentation affects the likelihood of movement, but not movementdistance.
- An ecologist studied how many kangaroo rats could be supported in two different habitats, a high‐quality habitat and a low‐quality habitat. The ecologist estimated the per capita benefit in each habitat as the number of individuals increased.Researchers have suggested that predators could actually increase the population density of a prey species heavily infested by a pathogenic parasite. Explain how predation could lead to population increases in the prey population.Which of the following scenarios does NOT describe a population with a clumped distribution? A. group defense against predators B. even distribution of resources throughout the population’s habitat C. competition for mates D. seasonal migrations to follow food sources