Prepare a summary table on all the genes, molecules, protein factors responsible in the specification and differentiation of the heart, blood and blood vessels.
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Prepare a summary table on all the genes, molecules, protein factors responsible in the specification and differentiation of the heart, blood and blood vessels.
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- Mutations in the BRCA genes have been shown to be related to a higher incidence of breast cancer in humans, and genetic tests are available that enable women to discover whether they carry versions of the gene associated with high risk. However, even early detection of breast cancer does not guarantee a cure. What considerations can you think of for and against advising women to take the tests? ·Discuss two reasons why the therapeutic use ofembryonic stem cells can present a problem.1) Briefly outline the location, isolation , characterisation, benefits, and limitations of adult stem cells in TERM 2) Describe and compare the various potencies exhibited by stem cell pheno type 3) Outline the in vitro/in vivo mechanical forces that can be used to influence the quality of cell response and tissue formation obtained by TE..
- What statement best describes the difference between "fate maps" and "specification"? If cells are transplanted from their normal region in an embryo to a different region in a recipient embryo, such cells will alter their fate, but not their specification. Cell fate map describes the allocation of cells to the germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm, whereas specification describes the exact tissues that each cell will ultimately become. The fate map of an embryo does not change during development -- the fate map of an egg is the same as the fate map of a late blastula -- whereas the specification map of an embryo changes continually as the embryo's development proceeds. The fate map of a cell is determined by labelling that cell and following it during normal development, whereas the specification state of a cell is determined by culturing a cell in an artificial medium and observing what tissues form from it.Explain molecular changes involved in the development of neoplasia provide examples provide steps.Describe the dorsolateral and ventrolateral migration of trunk neural crest cells. Provide details as to the timing of the migration, pathways taken, eventual fate, and location of the neural crest cells that follow each pathway or portion of the pathways. Include a simple drawing that depicts both pathways .
- Although cancer is not a contagious disease in humans or other vertebrates, there have been rare cases in which cancers have spread from one organism to another. Describe three cases of these contagious cancers and what conditions might have led to their appearance. For an introduction to this topic, see http:// www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerbasics/is-cancer-contagious.What rights does a cell donor have to stem cell lines or technologies created from cells they have donated? Should tissue donors share in the commercial potential and monetary awards of stem cell line created from their cells?What are some of the ethical issues that arise from using embryonic stem cells?(b) To avoid these issues, scientists use IPSCs. What are the pros and cons to using iPSCs inrelation to embryonic stem cells?
- Briefly explain the role of genetic testing and the following inherited gene mutations linked to breast cancer: ATM BRCA1andBRCA2 BRIP 1 CDH1 CHEK2 PALB2 PTEN STK11 TP53Is it moral to do stem cell research on embryos? Cite moral and ethical reasons, can you give an alternative?Proteins found in the blood respond to blood vessel damage by clumping together forming a clot that physically blocks the hole in the vessel and prevents further blood loss. If clotting proteins were active all the time, they would create clots throughout your circulatory system. Which of the following would be the most efficient way for the body to regulate the expression of the proteins involved in clotting? A. Tightly package the genes for clotting proteins so that RNA polymerase cannot access them unless they are needed. B. Produce and store the clotting protein in an inactive form. When the protein is needed, use another protein to activate the clotting protein. C. Constantly make the clotting proteins, but then break them down instantly after translation if they are not needed. D. Use a repressor protein to keep clotting genes turned off until they are needed.
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