Problem 1: Let Zn denote the integers modulo n. (a) Write down tables for addition and multiplication in Zg. (b) Are there any zero divisors in Zg ?
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Hi, I'm been doing some questions, and I am struggling with these 3, can someone please help? :)
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- Question # 9: Suppose that a password for a computer system must haveat least 8, but no more than 12 characters, where eachcharacter in the password is a lowercase English letter,an uppercase English letter, a digit, or one of the six specialcharacters ∗, >, <, !, +, and =. a) How many different passwords are available for thiscomputer system? b) How many of these passwords contain at least one occurrenceof at least one of the six special characters?This question is related to unique factorisation in the Gaussian integers. In the Gaussian integers, find the gcd of 13 and 8 + i. The problem says "the gcd" (which is correct), but what are all the possibilities for the gcd?q1. Find the integer a, if the modular representation of a is (2, 1, 5) with respect to the modulo 3, 5, 7?
- For n∈N we define the set Z_n={1,2,…,n-1} and on this set we define the modular product as follows:for x,y,z∈Z_n ∶(x.y=z)⇔(x.y≡z mod n).In other words, we get the number (z) by calculating the product of the numbers x and y as a common product of two natural numbers, and from this product we then calculate the remainder after dividing by the number n. Examples for n = 5 and different values of x and y:in Z_5 ∶ 3.4=2 , 2.3=1 , 2,4=3 … We construct the graph G so that its vertices are elements of the set Z_101 and the two vertices corresponding to the elements x and y are joined by an edge just when the set Z_101 holds: x.y = 1 in the sense of the modular product defined above. Is graph G continuous? And continuous means like (continuing).ThanksFor n ∈ N we define the set Zn = {1, 2, . . , n - 1} and on this set we define the modular product as follows: For x, y, x ∈ Zn : (x.y = z) ⇔ (x.y ≡ z mod n). In other words, we get the number z by computing the product of x and y as the ordinary product of two natural numbers and then calculating the remainder of this product after dividing by n. Examples for n = 5 and different values of x and y: in Z5 : 3.4 = 2 , 2.3 = 1 , 2.4 = 3 . . . Problem: We construct a graph G such that its vertices are elements of the set Z101 and the two vertices corresponding to the elements x and y are connected by an edge if and only if on the set Z101 : x.y = 1 in the sense of the modular product defined above. a) Is the graph G ordinary? b) Is the graph G continuous? c) Is the graph of G a tree? d) What will be the sum of all the numbers in the adjacency matrix of graph G?Find the gcd of: 7469 and 2464 Find the multiplicative inverse of 43 mod 64 Find integers x and y to satisfy 42823x + 6409y = 17 Note: Use the Extended Euclidean Algorithm for the above numerical. (Use the tabular methods shown in the class) ((Solution by Table ))
- Question 1a: Use Fermat’s Little Theorem to calculate:(i) 23106 (mod 107) (ii) 431 (mod 7)(iii) 316 + 532 + 864 +13128 (mod 17) (iv) the remainder of 21000 divided by 13 Question 1b: Messages are to be encoded using the RSA method, and the primes chosen arep = 11 and q = 19, so that n = pq = 209. The encryption exponent is e = 17.Thus, the public key is (209, 17).(i) Show that the decryption exponent d (the private key) is 53. (3 marks)(ii) Use the repeated squaring algorithm to find the encrypted form c of themessage m = 47.Is the graph G ordinary? For n∈N we define the set Z_n={1,2,…,n-1} and on this set we define the modular product as follows:for x,y,z∈Z_n ∶(x.y=z)⇔(x.y≡z mod n).In other words, we get the number (z) by calculating the product of the numbers x and y as a common product of two natural numbers, and from this product we then calculate the remainder after dividing by the number n. Examples for n = 5 and different values of x and y:in Z_5 ∶ 3.4=2 , 2.3=1 , 2,4=3 … We construct the graph G so that its vertices are elements of the set Z_101 and the two vertices corresponding to the elements x and y are joined by an edge just when the set Z_101 holds: x.y = 1 in the sense of the modular product defined above.a) Is the graph G ordinary?How many elements of order 4 does Z4 ⊕ Z4 have? (Do not do this by examining each element.) Explain why Z4 ⊕ Z4 has the same number of elements of order 4 as does Z8000000 ⊕ Z400000. Generalize to the case Zm ⊕ Zn.
- Question # 3 Use the principle of inclusion–exclusion to find the number of positive integers less than 1,000,000 that are not divisible by either 4 or by 6.Prove that for any integer n, n6k - 1 is divisible by 7 if gcd(n, 7) = 1 and k is a positive integer.Show that an integer N is divisible by 9 if and only if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9