Q 1 You are hired as Maintenance Engineer for Pakistan Accumulator Ltd., the company that manufacture branded batteries such as Volta and Osaka. The battery manufacturing factory is a process industry and consists of several plants. One of these plants is Grid Casting. Grids are used in batteries for manufacturing of plates including positive & negative. Different types of grids produced for different type of batteries having different thickness & weight for different battery. For casting of these grids, 03 % Sb alloy is used. 24 grid casting machines are operational in workshop.
Load flow analysis
Load flow analysis is a study or numerical calculation of the power flow of power in steady-state conditions in any electrical system. It is used to determine the flow of power (real and reactive), voltage, or current in a system under any load conditions.
Nodal Matrix
The nodal matrix or simply known as admittance matrix, generally in engineering term it is called Y Matrix or Y bus, since it involve matrices so it is also referred as a n into n order matrix that represents a power system with n number of buses. It shows the buses' nodal admittance in a power system. The Y matrix is rather sparse in actual systems with thousands of buses. In the power system the transmission cables connect each bus to only a few other buses. Also the important data that one needs for have a power flow study is the Y Matrix.
Types of Buses
A bus is a type of system of communication that transfers data between the components inside a computer or between two or more computers. With multiple hardware connections, the earlier buses were parallel electrical wires but the term "bus" is now used for any type of physical arrangement which provides the same type of logical functions similar to the parallel electrical bus. Both parallel and bit connections are used by modern buses. They can be wired either electrical parallel or daisy chain topology or are connected by hubs which are switched same as in the case of Universal Serial Bus or USB.
Q 1
You are hired as Maintenance Engineer for Pakistan Accumulator Ltd., the company that manufacture
branded batteries such as Volta and Osaka. The battery manufacturing factory is a process industry and
consists of several plants. One of these plants is Grid Casting. Grids are used in batteries for manufacturing
of plates including positive & negative. Different types of grids produced for different type of batteries
having different thickness & weight for different battery. For casting of these grids, 03 % Sb alloy is used.
24 grid casting machines are operational in workshop.
Inside Casing Machine, alloy lead melted at 400°? in furnace and alloy is injected in molds of
grids, resulting formation of grid in hard form. After set time grids are dropped in tray and extra parts are
removed. To melt alloy lead to 400℃, furnace is controlled by a closed electronic system. The system
consists of ignition, temperature sensor, temperature adjuster, and gas valve. The single-wire sensor
measures the furnace temperature and provide output as voltage. The gas valve is controlled by a transistor
amplifier which provide single-wire output as voltage. The scale of adjuster is 300℃ to 500℃. Due to
internal fault, the machine is casting cracked grids due to insufficient temperature, even when on the highest
temperate set on adjuster.
You are assigned to identify the problem and suggest a low-cost viable solution. You are not
allowed to temper the electronic system. Anything suggested would be only be done either before or after
the electronic system.
Ideal solution must have a problem identification, theoretical explanation, circuit diagram, related
mathematical expressions, and remarks/comments by examinee
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