Q1: Draw the distribution of a continuous trait like dorsal fin length with a mean fin length of 12cm, assuming there are 2 polygenes. The extreme phenotypes are around 4cm and 20cm. Q2a: Now imagine this population also has a gene with a recessive mutation that keeps the dorsal fin under 8cm in length regardless of the number of additive alleles. Create a second sketch of what you think this trait distribution looks like if Q = .3. Q2b: After a few generations, the allele frequency of the recessive mutation is q = .4. Is this population evolving? (Show the math you used, circle the evidence that supports your answer)

You are studying gene Q/q in two populations of great white sharks.  In one population most individuals have genotype QQ, and in the other population most individuals have the genotype qq.   If there is some migration from each population into the other, how will this affect genotype frequencies?

Should you simulate gene flow (that is, the introduction of “outside” cats and their alleles into your “base” cat population)? If so, what would be a reasonable migration rate? What would be the frequency of the PKD allele in that “outside”/migrant population?

Which of the following is a case of directional selection?   Question 70 options:   During a drought, individual leopard frogs of intermediate body size are less likely to survive than large and small individuals.   During a drought, individual house finches with intermediate beak size are more likely to survive than individuals with large or small beaks.   During a drought, individual cattails that are heterozygous at a particular locus are more likely to die than homozygous individuals.   During a drought, the larger individuals in a population of lizards are less likely to survive than the smaller ones.

You are asked to assess whether a population of endangered salamanders can adapt to warming climate in their preferred habitat. The salamanders vary at a locus that determines adaptation to temperature, and the warming climate creates selection favoring one of two alleles at that locus. Drawing on what you know about natural selection and genetic drift, what information would you need to know about the salamanders to determine whether the allele that improves their adaptation to warmer climates will become fixed in the population? Strictly no plagiarism.

If both mutation and drift are acting simultaneously, predict how this will influence variation in that population. Will variation increase, decrease, or be maintained at some equilibrium, etc.? (note: consider how mutation and drift each affect variation within a population).

Assume that the frequency of gene B in a hypothetical population Is 0.63, that there are only two alleles (B and b) of the gee in the population, that allele B is dominant over allele b, that neither allele has a selective advantage over the other, and that the population is at equilibrium with regard to this particular gene. What is the expected frequency of the b allele in this population, based upon the Hardy-Weinberg formula? A. 0.29 B. 0.14 C.0.21 D.0.40 E.0.37

Consider a gene with two alleles, C and M. The table below describes fitness for different genotypes in two populations.   Fitness   CC CM MM Population 1 1.0 1.0 0.6 Population 2 0.9 0.9 1.0  Assume that both populations begin with frequencies of 0.5 for each allele, population size is infinite, and there is no migration between populations. Which of the following statements is true based on the information you have on these populations?

Try to outline a scenario explaining the evolution of the three species shown in panel g. Use migration, mutation, genetic drift, selection, reproductive isolation, gene flow, extinction, and many generations in your scenario. Based on your scenario, what are the components that are necessary in a population in order for it to split or diverge into two new daughter species from a single ancestor (the parent species)?

1a.) The frequency of a recessive disorder in a population is 1/400. What is the frequency of the recessive allele in the population if the population is Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium? a)1/400 b.)1/20 c.)38/400 d.)361/400 e.)19/20 1b.) The relative fitnesses of A1A1, A1A2, and A2A2 are 0.5,0.8, and 1 respectively. What is the expected result of natural selection in this situation? a. A1 will increase and A2 will decrease. b. A2 will increase and A1 will decrease. c. Both alleles will decrease in frequency. d. A stable equilibrium will be achieved in which both alleles are maintained. e. An unstable equilibrium will exist and the outcome depends on the allele frequencies.