Q6 Hack memory-mapped I/O Fill the blanks The base RAM address for the Hack Screen memory map is 16384. The function pixel_clear(row, col) clears a pixel. pixel_clear(row, col) = (150, 275) is achieved by setting bit number at the RAM address to the value Bit number Only write the number. Enter your answer here
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A: (A)
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A:
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A: Required: Cache is accessed by its __________whereas main memory is accessed by its________.
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A: all operation are done :- by bartleby guidelines i am able to do only 3 sub parts.
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A: The above question is solved in step 2 :-
Q: Cache is accessed by its _______, whereas main memory is accessed by its _______.
A: ANS: - Cache is accessed by its content. whereas main memory is accessed by its address.
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A: What are the advantages of cache memory?
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A: the answer is given below:-
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- instruction is in the first picture cacheSim.h #include<stdlib.h>#include<stdio.h>#define DRAM_SIZE 1048576typedef struct cb_struct {unsigned char data[16]; // One cache block is 16 bytes.u_int32_t tag;u_int32_t timeStamp; /// This is used to determine what to evict. You can update the timestamp using cycles.}cacheBlock;typedef struct access {int readWrite; // 0 for read, 1 for writeu_int32_t address;u_int32_t data; // If this is a read access, value here is 0}cacheAccess;// This is our dummy DRAM. You can initialize this in anyway you want to test.unsigned char * DRAM;cacheBlock L1_cache[2][2]; // Our 2-way, 64 byte cachecacheBlock L2_cache[4][4]; // Our 4-way, 256 byte cache// Trace points to a series of cache accesses.FILE *trace;long cycles;void init_DRAM();// This function print the content of the cache in the following format for an N-way cache with M Sets// Set 0 : CB1 | CB2 | CB 3 | ... | CB N// Set 1 : CB1 | CB2 | CB 3 | ... | CB N// ...// Set M-1 : CB1 | CB2 | CB…When a request exceeds the cache's capacity, the CPU sends the data to main memory and the write buffer returns it. Next steps?the available space list of a computer memory is specified as follows: 9 start address block address in words 100 50 200 150 450 600 1200 400 determine the available space list after allocating the space for the stream of requests consisting of the following block sizes: 25,100,250,200,100,150 use i) first fit ii) best fit and iii) worst fit algorithms
- Operating System Memory Management: Dynamic Memory Partitioning & Paging Algorithm Order of incoming memory:a. P1 allocation 9MB,b. P2 allocation 9MB,c. P3 allocation 9MB,d. P4 allocation 3MBe. Unallocate P4 3MBg. Take off P1 Create a dynamic memory partitioning algorithm, then circle where P3 is located using the following algorithm: a. Worst-Fit b. Best-Fit c. First-FitCode a descriptor that describes a memory segment that begins at location 0005CF00h and ends at location 00060EFFh. The memory segment is a data segment that grows upward in the memory system and can be written. The segment has a user level privilege (lowest) and has not been accessed. The descriptor is for an 80386 microprocessor.A 2-way set associative cache consists of four sets. Main memory contains 2K blocks of eight words each. Show the main memory address format that allows us to map addresses from main memory to cache. Be sure to include the fields as well as their sizes. Compute the hit ratio for a program that loops 6 times from locations 8 to 51 in main memory. You may leave the hit ratio in terms of a fraction. Please show details how you obtain the result.
- Buffers allow for speedier transfers across different levels of a memory structure. Consider all the possible buffers that may be present between the L2 cache and the main memory and write them down.instruction is in the first picture please give me only implementation of int L1lookup(u_int32_t address) and int L2lookup(u_int32_t address) cacheSim.h #include<stdlib.h>#include<stdio.h>#define DRAM_SIZE 1048576typedef struct cb_struct {unsigned char data[16]; // One cache block is 16 bytes.u_int32_t tag;u_int32_t timeStamp; /// This is used to determine what to evict. You can update the timestamp using cycles.}cacheBlock;typedef struct access {int readWrite; // 0 for read, 1 for writeu_int32_t address;u_int32_t data; // If this is a read access, value here is 0}cacheAccess;// This is our dummy DRAM. You can initialize this in anyway you want to test.unsigned char * DRAM;cacheBlock L1_cache[2][2]; // Our 2-way, 64 byte cachecacheBlock L2_cache[4][4]; // Our 4-way, 256 byte cache// Trace points to a series of cache accesses.FILE *trace;long cycles;void init_DRAM();// This function print the content of the cache in the following format for an N-way cache with M Sets// Set 0…7. Information can be retrieved fastest from: A) hard disk. B) magnetic tape. C) optical disk. D) USB flash drive. 8. Cache mapping is necessary because: A) the address generated by the CPU must be converted to a cache location. B) cache is so small that its use requires a map. C) cache is larger than main memory and mapping allows us to store multiple copies of each piece of data from main memory. D) None of these is correct. 9. The offset field of a main memory address is used to determine: A) if the cache entry is valid. B) if the cache entry is the desired block. C) the location of the desired data in the cache block. D) None of these is correct. 10. Cache replacement policies are necessary: A) to determine which cache mapping policy to use. B) to determine which block in cache should be the victim block. C) to decide where to put blocks when cache is empty. D) All of these are correct. 11. Cache memory is effective because: A) it is very inexpensive. B) it is very large. C) it is…
- 5a) Memory management is one of the key functionalities of operating systems (OS). If you install an OS on a computer-based on the von Neumann architecture, determine how the OS will prevent conflict between data and instructions that are used on the computer. b) With the aid of a well-labeled diagram, explain how you would convert covert ports designated as A and B to output ports on a PIC microcontrollerBecause cache memory and random access memory (RAM) are both transistor-based, it is unclear why cache memory is required when RAM (Random Access Memory) is already available as a volatile storage device. Is it feasible to use a single kind of computer memory for all of its functions?The process of making an access between memory tiers may be sped up using buffers. Please describe any buffers that could exist for the specific architecture between the L1 and L2 caches and between the L2 cache and the RAM.