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- In this experiment, _____ plates were used to differentiate between red and white diploid yeast colonies. If a diploid colony grew on the MIN plate, this means the yeast ____synthesize _____Which of the following would best ensure that a kidney cell and a liver cell from the same person would express different genes? Group of answer choices differences in introns unique sets of transcription factors they only have specific genes unique sets of promoters 2. Refer to the metabolic pathway illustrated. If A, B, and C are all required for growth, a strain mutant for the gene encoding enzyme A would be able to grow on medium supplemented with which of the following nutrient(s)?When 1 million cells of a culture of haploid yeastcarrying a met− auxotrophic mutation were plated onpetri plates lacking methionine (Met), five coloniesgrew. You would expect cells in which the originalmet− mutation was reversed (by a base change back tothe original sequence) would grow on the media lackingmethionine, but some of these apparent reversions couldbe due to a mutation in a different gene that somehowsuppresses the original met− mutations. How wouldyou be able to determine if the mutations in your fivecolonies were due either to a precise reversion of theoriginal met− mutation or to the generation of a suppressor mutation in a gene on another chromosome?
- Prototrophy is often the phenotype selected to detecttransformants. Prototrophic cells are used for donorDNA extraction; then this DNA is cloned and the clonesare added to an auxotrophic recipient culture. Successfultransformants are identified by plating the recipientculture on minimal medium and looking for colonies.What experimental design would you use to make surethat a colony that you hope is a transformant is not, infact,a. a prototrophic cell that has entered the recipientculture as a contaminant?b. a revertant (mutation back to prototrophy by a secondmutation in the originally mutated gene) of theauxotrophic mutation?Why is it adaptive for a bacterium to not express the genes that encode that lactose utilization proteins when lactose is not available? a. Catabolism of lactose in protein transcription needs a lot of energy. b. The bacterium opts not to express the genes that encode proteins responsible for breaking down lactose to conserve enzymes. c. The bacterium opts not to express the genes that encode proteins responsible for breaking down lactose to conserve energy. d. The reason is conservation of energy for the enzyme. e. The bacterium opts not to express the genes that encode proteins responsible for breaking down lactose to conserve lactose.A pure culture of an unknown bacterium was streaked onto plates of a variety of media. You notice that the colony morphologyis strikingly different on plates of minimal media with glucose compared to that seen on trypticase soy agar plates. How can you explain these differences in colony morphology? Also, describe what happens when a nonsense mutation is introduced into the gene encoding transposase within a transposon and why is it more likely that insertions or deletions will be more detrimental to a cell than point mutations?
- Let’s suppose a researcher was interested in the effects of mutationson the expression of a protein-encoding gene for a proteinthat is 472 amino acids in length. This protein is expressed in leafcells of Arabidopsis thaliana. It has a molecular mass of approximately56,640 Da. Make a drawing that shows the expected resultsof a Western blot using proteins isolated from the leaf cells thatwere obtained from the following plants:Lane 1. A plant homozygous for a nonmutant geneLane 2. A plant homozygous for a deletion that removes the promoterfor this geneLane 3. A heterozygous plant in which one gene is nonmutant andthe other gene has a mutation that introduces an early stop codon atcodon 112Lane 4. A plant homozygous for a mutation that introduces anearly stop codon at codon 112Lane 5. A plant homozygous for a mutation that changes codon108 from a phenylalanine codon into a leucine codonWhen present on the leaves of plants, the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae can promote frost damage to plants. Mutant strains, lacking the “ice” gene, have been applied to plants to try and protect the plants from wild-type P. syringae-induced frost. Assume that I am telling the truth that wild-type P. syringae nucleates ice formation at -2 °C, and provide an explanation as to why application of this altered (mutant) bacterium to plants might be a beneficial agricultural strategy in areas where morning lows occasionally dip down to 28-30 °F.A number of auxotrophic mutant strains were isolated from wild-type haploid Neurospora crassa. These strains responded to the addition of certain nutritional supplements to minimal culture medium either by growth (+) or no growth (0) The data from this experiment are presented in the table below. Diagram a biochemical pathway, complete with positions of intermediates, that is consistent with the data. Indicate where in the pathway each mutant strain is blocked.
- There is a group of six or so genes, called luxlux genes, whose gene products are necessary for light formation. Given that these bacterial genes are regulated together, propose a hypothesis for how the genes are organized and regulated. Match the terms in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Terms can be used once, more than once, or not at all. Terms: metaboliozed, density, quorum sensing, state, signal amplification, inhibit, activate, detected, secrete, transcrption initiation complex, consume, operon Bacterial cells blank molecules that can be blank by other bacterial cells. Sensing the concentration of such signalling molecules allows bacteria to monitor the local blank of cells, a phenomenon called blank. There is a group of genes in the genome of the described bacterium, called luxgenes, which are organized in an blank. Reaching a certain concentration, molecules involved in this process blank the luxgenes. As a result, the…In this problem, just put the order of the intermediates on the pathway, starting with P and ending with Z and explain your reasoning. (So to get you started, notice the class 1 mutants—and there is only mutant in this class, which is mutant #5—won’t grow on minimal medium, but will grow if you give it substance Z. However, giving it substances, p, w, x, or y won’t help. This means that the gene that is mutated lies on the pathway in a place that the Z substances is to its right and all the other substances are to its left. The easiest next one to look at is the line with 2 pluses, and then the line with 3 pluses, and then the line with 4 pluses).Create workplan step by step on regenerating a BT maize plant selecting using phosphinothricin herbicide. Mention uses of agrobacterium , somatic embryogenesis, and construction of engineered TDNA for your workplan