Recall that the dot product of two vectors (1d matrices) produces a scalar value. The dot product is slightly confusing as the scalar value produced can have an arbitrary meaning that simply represents the mathematical operations of multiplying and summing. In other words, the dot product can simply represent the linear projection of vector onto the number line. This interpretation will be used repeatedly throughout machine learning as our main goal will be to take some features dotted with some weights/parameters. Once again, this can be though of as projecting our features onto a number line where the projection acts as our prediction! Keep this idea in mind as it might not make complete sense as of yet. It also important to know that the dot product can additionally take on other meanings such as a geometric meaning which represents how similar any two vectors are when projected onto one another. Meaning, how much one vector points in the direction of another. Given the following two vectors compute the dot product using the following equation < x, w >:= w. Note that the symbols <> and are used to represent the dot product. |1| |1 x=2 w = 1 09 O-1 O 10 2 O

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Recall that the dot product of two vectors (1d matrices) produces a scalar value.
The dot product is slightly confusing as the scalar value produced can have an
arbitrary meaning that simply represents the mathematical operations of
multiplying and summing. In other words, the dot product can simply represent
the linear projection of vector onto the number line. This interpretation will be
used repeatedly throughout machine learning as our main goal will be to take
some features dotted with some weights/parameters. Once again, this can be
though of as projecting our features onto a number line where the projection
acts as our prediction! Keep this idea in mind as it might not make complete
sense as of yet.
It also important to know that the dot product can additionally take on other
meanings such as a geometric meaning which represents how similar any two
vectors are when projected onto one another. Meaning, how much one vector
points in the direction of another.
Given the following two vectors compute the dot product using the following
equation < x, w >:=w. Note that the symbols <> and are used to
represent the dot product.
1
x=2 w = 1
3
-1
O 10
2
O
O
Transcribed Image Text:Recall that the dot product of two vectors (1d matrices) produces a scalar value. The dot product is slightly confusing as the scalar value produced can have an arbitrary meaning that simply represents the mathematical operations of multiplying and summing. In other words, the dot product can simply represent the linear projection of vector onto the number line. This interpretation will be used repeatedly throughout machine learning as our main goal will be to take some features dotted with some weights/parameters. Once again, this can be though of as projecting our features onto a number line where the projection acts as our prediction! Keep this idea in mind as it might not make complete sense as of yet. It also important to know that the dot product can additionally take on other meanings such as a geometric meaning which represents how similar any two vectors are when projected onto one another. Meaning, how much one vector points in the direction of another. Given the following two vectors compute the dot product using the following equation < x, w >:=w. Note that the symbols <> and are used to represent the dot product. 1 x=2 w = 1 3 -1 O 10 2 O O
we can use the dot product definition
Furthermore,
< x, y >= ||*||₂||||2 cos(0) to further determine the angle between two
vectors. For example, see the below image for computing and formula for
computing the angle between two vectors using the dot product definition
x=
Y
Machine learning often uses this idea of cosine similarity and the angle between
vectors to compute the similarity between different data samples using their
feature vectors (i.e., the columns of a dataset)! See examples here!
11.
O 180
0-1
0 1
Given the following two vectors find the angle between them (in degrees). Use
the above equation, in the picture, but use the L2 norm or ||- ||2 when
computing |x and y. Recall to compute the L2-norm for a vector x, we do
the following: ||*|| 2 x² + x²+...+x².
90
Ө
Y
X
-2
=
arccos(x+y/1x1|y1)
Transcribed Image Text:we can use the dot product definition Furthermore, < x, y >= ||*||₂||||2 cos(0) to further determine the angle between two vectors. For example, see the below image for computing and formula for computing the angle between two vectors using the dot product definition x= Y Machine learning often uses this idea of cosine similarity and the angle between vectors to compute the similarity between different data samples using their feature vectors (i.e., the columns of a dataset)! See examples here! 11. O 180 0-1 0 1 Given the following two vectors find the angle between them (in degrees). Use the above equation, in the picture, but use the L2 norm or ||- ||2 when computing |x and y. Recall to compute the L2-norm for a vector x, we do the following: ||*|| 2 x² + x²+...+x². 90 Ө Y X -2 = arccos(x+y/1x1|y1)
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