rue or False: Effectiveness is doing the right things of completing activities so that the organization’s goals are obtained.
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True or False:
- Effectiveness is doing the right things of completing activities so that the organization’s goals are obtained.
- Political and legal factors are part of the external environment of a business.
- Delayering has no consequence on the span of control of an organization
- Shareholders can be sued for the debts of a limited company.
- Organizations that operate globally do not have to be sensitive to local conditions.
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- Which of the following are affected by the quality of an organization’s internal controls? a. Reliability of financial data. b. Ability of management to make informed business decisions. c. Ability of the organization to remain ¡n business. d. All of the above. e. Only a and c.Good corporate citizenship ________. A. Is expensive to implement and does not guarantee returns B. must have managements sincere convictions behind it in order to succeed C. Is more relevant in countries with less regulation. D. makes good business senseWhat is the best way for owners of small businesses to maintain proper internal controls? A. The owner must have enough knowledge of all aspects of the company and have controls in place to track all assets. B. Small businesses do not need to worry about internal controls. C. Small businesses should make one of their employees in charge of all aspects of the company, giving the owner the ability to run the company and generate sales. D. Only managers need to be concerned about internal controls.
- Authorization of transactions is a key control in most organizations. Authorizations should not be made by individuals who have incompatible functions. For each transaction (listed as A through I), indicate the individual or function (e.g., the head of a particular department) that should have the ability to authorize that transaction. Briefly provide a rationale for your answer. a. Writing off old accounts receivable. B. Committing the organization to acquire another company that is half the size of the existing company. C. Paying an employee for overtime. D. Shipping goods on account to a new customer. E. Purchasing goods from a new vendor. F. Temporarily investing funds in common stock investments instead of money market funds. G. Purchasing a new line of manufacturing equipment to remodel a production line at one of the company’s major divisions (the purchase represents a major new investment for the organization). H. Replacing an older machine at one of the company’s major divisions. I. Rewriting the company’s major computer program for processing purchase orders and accounts payable (the cost of rewriting the program will represent one quarter of the organization’s computer development budget for the year).Segregation of duties is an important concept in internal control. However, segregation of duties is often a challenge for smaller businesses because they do not have sufficient staff to segregate duties. Normally, the segregation of duties identified below results in either a significant deficiency or a material weakness in internal control.For each “segregation of duties: problem identified here:a. Identify the risk to financial reporting that is associated with the inadequacy of the segregation of duties.b. Identify other controls that might mitigate the segregation of duties risks.c. If a control is identified that would mitigate the risks, briefly indicate what evidence the auditor would need to gather to determine that the control is operating effectively.Situations1. The same individual handles cash receipts, the bank reconciliation, and customer complaints.2. The same person prepares billings to customers and also collects cash receipts and applies them to customer accounts.3.…Which one is false? A. The agency is defined as a relationship by consent between two parties, whereby one party agrees to act on behalf of the other B. Agency theory assumes that a conflict of interest exists between the owners of a firm and the managers C. Generally agency costs of a firm are not controlled by firm itself D. Financial reporting may provide the information for the potential agency costs of the firm
- Corporate governance is defined as "the set of laws, rules, and procedures that influence the company's operations and the decisions its managers make." Agency costs are "the reductions in a company's value due to actions by agents (managers), including the costs principals (shareholders) incur (such as monitoring costs) trying to modify their agents' behaviors." Corporate governance provisions are set in place as way to help minimize the agency conflict within a firm. Not one provision alone completely eliminates the potential for all agency conflict. As a result, multiple governance provisions are typically in place at a firm to help minimize the risk. The book lists 5 common internal governance provisions: monitoring and discipline (threat to fire) by the board of directors charter provisions and bylaws that affect the likelihood of hostile takeovers (remember that in general: shareholders like hostile takeovers, managers do not) compensation plans capital structure choices…The fundamental characteristic of the corporateform of business organization that gives rise to the need for governance mechanism is: A.the seperation of ownership and control B.mutual agency C.the abuses by professional managers D.the lack of separation of onwership and controlWithin the context of financial management, it is important that organizations attempt to align their managers' interests with that of the shareholders. In Chapter 16, Berk and DeMarzo (2020) provide several examples of agency conflict or a conflict between the owners and the management of a firm. Examples of these are: (a) at times managers will take on less (greater) risk than they would if they were the owners of the firm and (b) due to the separation of ownership and control managers are able to entrench themselves within firms and have little risk of being replaced. Provide a few examples of mechanisms that organizations could use to align the interests of both the owners of the firm and its managers.
- Effective segregation of duties is sometimes not economically feasible in a small business. What internal control elements do you think can help compensate for this threat?Segregation of duties is an important internal control. However,this control is often a challenge for smaller businesses because they donot have sufficient staff. Normally, a segregation of duties deficiencyresults in either a significant deficiency or a material weakness in internalcontrol. For each segregation of duties deficiency identified as(1)–(6), complete the following three tasks:a. Indicate the risk to financial reporting that is associated with theinadequacy of the segregation of duties.b. Identify other controls that might mitigate the segregation ofduties risks.c. Identify possible tests of controls for the mitigating controlsselected in (b).The inadequate segregation of duty situations includes:1. The same individual handles cash receipts, the bank reconciliation,and customer complaints.2. The same person prepares billings to customers and also collectscash receipts and applies them to customer accounts.3. The person who prepares billings to customers does not handlecash…Companies of all sizes try to reduce business risks, create disaster recovery plans, and also purchase insurance for what they cannot completely control. Therefore, the business risk is the risk that: Select one: a.The auditor will give an inappropriate auditor’s opinion when the financial report is materially misstated b.The entity’s business objectives will not be attained due to the external and internal environment affecting the entity and the industry in which it operates. c. An error will occur given the environmental characteristics of the account balance. d.The auditor will be exposed to loss to their professional practice from litigation or adverse publicity arising in connection with an audit.