Define simple and composite attributes, as well as single valued and multi valued attributes. b) Describe five drawbacks of utilizing database systems. c) Identify three possible reasons of transaction failure.

Q: Explain what the terms "information repetition" and "inability to express information" mean. Explain…

A: A relational database design needs to have a schema which stores information without repetition and…

Q: Give a brief description of the following MIS applications and evaluate the advantages of each.…

A: Introduction: An information system used for decision-making, information coordination, control,…

Q: which depicts a hypothetical multitiered database architecture. Identify potential duplications of…

A: which depicts a hypothetical multitiered database architecture. Identify potential duplications of…

Q: Exercise 1: Give two example systems that may use each of the following approaches: (a) traditional…

A: a.The traditional file system is way of storing and arranging computer files and the information in…

Q: Each database model should have one advantage and one disadvantage, therefore mention them all

A: Introduction: A database model is a collection of interconnected concepts that an organisation uses…

Q: ere are several pros and downsides to database systems. Consider a few examples of how these main…

A: Drawbacks of DBMS : 1. Increased costs: Database systems require sophisticated hardware and…

Q: The three-layer architecture has the primary objective of separating each user’s view of the…

A: ⦁ The three-layer architecture database are mostly based on ANSI-SPARC database architecture. ⦁ IT…

Q: When it comes to database systems, there are various benefits and drawbacks. Please consider the…

A: According to the information given:- We have to define the database system benefits and drawbacks…

Q: Make a list of the five database administration functions. Explain the repercussions of failing to…

A: Intro DBMS: A database management system (DBMS) is computing software that manages enormous amounts…

Q: Explain what is meant by repetition of information and inability to represent information.Explain…

A: Relational Database design : It is the way to store information in the form of rows and columns,…

Q: Create a Venn diagrams for each item to visually represent the similarities and differences between…

A: According to the question, we have to explain similarities and differences between centralized and…

Q: 4.7 Compare and contrast the file-oriented approach and the database approach. Explain the main…

A: Database systems were developed to address the proliferation of master files. This proliferation…

Q: In the following topic, the points of knowledge learned in detail form the context of knowledge, and…

A: Storing the data efficiently in a database is the biggest challenge for an organisation.

Q: What are constraints in database. Provide a real-world example. What are the consequences If we do…

A: Definition:- The type of data that can be entered into a table is limited by constraints. This…

Q: 2. List all possible entities of a LIBRARY database system, and identify for each entity its primary…

A: Given: List all of the potential entities in a LIBRARY database system, along with their primary…

Q: Despite the fact that database systems provide substantial benefits over prior data management…

A: There are many advantages of database systems over other mode of storage systems such as reduced…

Q: 1. List the required design steps to produce an efficient database, and give two examples for low…

A: A database system as the management system as the file of the processing as the based service of the…

Q: Define a Database transaction. Discuss all desirable properties of transactions.

A: Answer: A transaction, in the context of a database, is a logical unit that is independently…

Q: List two advantages and two disadvantages of each of the following strategies for storing a…

A: The advantages of storing each relation in a separate file are as follows: It uses the file system…

Q: When compared to relational databases, hierarchical databases have several advantages. Positive or…

A: The relational database is the most widely used database today. A relational database is a…

Q: Demonstrate how primary keys may be utilised to mitigate the impact of key ripples as a database…

A: Impact of Key Ripples: A main key column or columns are those in a table that hold values that…

Q: a) Distinguish between simple and composite attributes and single valued and multi valued attribute…

A: Simple attribute:An attribute which cannot be further subdivided into components is a simple…

Q: Explain the term ‘normalisation’ and normalise a data model.

A: Note: As per policy we are entitled to answer 1 question at a time. Normalization: A normalization…

Q: List two advantages and two disadvantages of each of the following strategiesfor storing a…

A: Advantages: Increases the performance as complex structures are implemented. Complex structures can…

Q: Discuss the advantages of using the database approach as against the file-based approach.

A: Given:   We have to discuss the advantages of using the database approach as against the file-based…

Q: A. What problems are likely to arise if the logical design of the relational database is created? B.…

A: A. What problems are likely to arise if the logical design of the relational database is created?…

Q: Operational Databases are present at the backend of all our Information Systems. What good can a…

A: Answer:

Q: Why does a data warehouse change much less often than a transactional/operational database?

A: Why Data warehouse is changed much less often than a transactional or operational database? Reasons…

Q: Demonstrate how primary keys may be used to eliminate key ripple effects as a database develops

A: Primary keys should be as small as necessary. Prefer a numeric type because numeric types are…

Q: Explain the following advantages of database approach: a. Improved data quality b. Improved data…

A: Advantages of database approach:

Q: Explain ACID transaction rules that should be maintained by database transactional models to achieve…

A: Answer: The ACID transaction rules govern the transaction of a database transaction model. Each…

Q: 5-d. With the aid of appropriate diagrams, discuss the types of Database models and explain the most…

A: The logical architecture and structure of a database, as well as how data will be stored, retrieved,…

Q: Why, despite the additional work required to assure that concurrent execution does not create…

A: Introduction: With the aid of the concurrency control mechanism, transactions are processed…

Q: 2. A)Briefly describe how, Identifying relations, non-identifying relationships and non-specific…

A: A) Identifying relationships: Identifying relationship refers to a relationship in which the child…

Q: Assume that you are required to develop a database system for GUL-FOOD system. Which SDLC model…

A: SDLC is the abbreviation of Software Development Life Cycle. It is a system characterizing errands…

Q: 4.1Illustrate the different types of users in a database environment and the distinct purpose of…

A: *As per the company norms and guidelines we are providing first question answer only,so please…

Q: Subject:database administration and management question: select a database like customer…

A: Diagram of dependency among relations:               Architecture of Distributed Database:

Q: affected by different levels of data and process distribution Question: Which DDBMS(s) support mi

A: Step 1: All different sites in a homogeneous database store the database identically. All sites use…

Q: The process of reading a database schema and producing a data model from that schema is known as:

A: Option c is correct✅

Q: 1b)By using a scenario, explain program-data dependence issue found in previous database…

A: Solution :    Explanation : Before discussing the issues found in previous database technologies…

Q: Explain what is meant by repetition of information and inability to represent information. Explain…

A: Repetition of information is a condition in a relational database where the values of one attribute…

Q: List two advantages and two disadvantages of each of the following strategiesfor storing a…

A: The given storage strategy is: Store each relation in one file. The advantages of this strategy of…

Q: Provide one advantage and one disadvantage for each of the database models.

A: Database Model can be described as an interconnected set of principles in an enterprise to represent…

Q: xplain why NoSQL systems became popular in the 2000s and draw a quick comparison between their…

A: The answer is given below.

Q: Please offer a description of the following minimal desired properties of a distributed database…

A: Given: As an alternative to having just one logical database, it is possible to have what is known…

Concurrency Control

The simultaneous occurrence of two or more operations is called concurrence and the situation is called concurrency. In concurrency, the function of one operation can affect the function of the other and put data integrity at risk. Hence, management for the control of concurrency is required. The management or controlling system in the Database Management System (DBMS) that coordinates concurrent access is called the concurrency control system.