Some species, like bees, are haplodiploid: females are diploid and produced from fertilized eggs, while males are haploid and produced from unfertilized eggs. With reference to Hamilton's rule, explain why altruistic behaviours (e.g., forgoing reproduction to care for siblings), are observed more often in female bees than in females of diploid insects. [Your answer should be 2-4 sentences.]
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- One reason that worker bees forgo their own reproduction to help their sister (the queen) reproduce is that female bees are more closely related to their sisters than they are to their own offspring. This quirk of genetics results from the fact that bees have haplodiploid sex determination, in which females are diploid, with a mother and a father, but males are haploid, developing from unfertilized eggs. Because males are haploid, they produce sperm by mitosis. Explainwhy haplodiploid sex determination causes females to be more closely related to their sisters than to their offspring.Plutonian Tickle-bellies have a sex determination system just like mammals. Hairy Snout is a holandric trait (carried on the Y chromosome). MyxRotcccc, a handsome male Tickle-belly, has lovely orange hair on his snout. He and his mate, OrgggWny, have six offspring, three boys and three girls. Please answer the following questions about this family. How many of MyxRotcccc’s and OrgggWny’s offspring have hairy snouts? Can you predict which ones? Their eldest son, Bob, marries and has a son. What is the chance that Bob’s son will also have a hairy snout? JoKchew, MyxRotcccc’s and OrgggWny’s youngest daughter, marries a male who has a smooth, hairless purple snout. She has eight offspring, each one lovelier than the last, and all boys. What percentage of these offspring do you expect to have hairy snouts? Explain.In reptiles, sex determination was thought to be controlled by sex-chromosome systems or by temperature-dependent sex determination without an inherited component to sex. But as we discussed in section 7.6, in the Australian lizard, Pogona vitticeps, it was recently revealed that sex is determined by both chromosome composition and by the temperature at which eggs are incubated. What effects might climate change have on temperature- dependent sex determination in this species, and how might this impact the sex ratio for this species in subsequent generations?
- Do all dioecious species have a homogametic and a heterogametic sex? 1. Yes, because dioecious means that two types of gametes are produced, even in hermaphroditic species. 2. Yes, because all sex-determining systems include heterogametic and homogametic sexes. 3. Yes, because in dioecious organisms, either the XX-XY or the ZZ-ZW system determines sex. XY and ZW individuals are heterogametic. XX and ZZ individuals are homogametic. 4. No, because hermaphrodites and species that reproduce asexually are dioecious. 5. No, because dioecious means that the sexes are separate, regardless of how sex is determined. In some dioecious species, sex is determined by a single gene.Using this information, how do I figure out the answer to question1? INTRODUCTION In most species of Drosophila, a female mating with a single male usually supplies sufficient sperm to fertilize her lifetime supply of eggs. Moreover, mating is often costly to female flies. So why do females of some species mate more than once? Perhaps they do this to assess the quality of males and/or the sperm males produce via sperm competition. Tom Price, Nina Wedell, and their colleagues at the University of Exeter provide evidence for the sperm competition hypothesis. They show multiple mating increases in frequency when a selfish genetic element that reduces sperm quality is prevalent. In Drosophila, females are XX and males are XY. They normally occur in equal numbers. In D. pseudoobscura, males that harbor the X-linked selfish genetic element sex ratio (SR) have produced nearly all female progeny, as SR sabotages Y-bearing sperm. The SR element gains a tremendous transmission advantage but…In certain salamanders, the sex of a genetic female can be altered, changing her into a functional male; these salamanders are called sexreversed males. When a sex-reversed male is mated with a normal female, approximately 23 of the offspring are female and 13 are male. How is sex determined in these salamanders? Explain the results of this cross.
- In certain salamanders, the sex of a genetic female can be altered, changing her into a functional male; these salamanders are called sex reversed males. When a sex-reversed male is mated with a normal female, approximately 23 of the offspring are female and 13 are male. How is sex determined in these salamanders? Explain the results of this crossGametogenesis in mammals is a complex process. When comparing spermatogenesis and oogenesis, indicated whether the follow statements are true or false. After the S phase, both the spermatogonial stem cell and primary oocyte have the same number of double-copy chromosomes. #analyze Question 1 options: True False Both the first polar body and the second polar body have the same number of chromosomes. #analyze Question 2 options: True False After the S phase, both the spermatogonial stem cell and primary oocyte have the same number of double-copy chromosomes. #analyze Question 3 options: True False Both the primary oocyte and the secondary spermatocyte have double-copy chromosomes. #analyze Question 4 options: True Falsewhy must sexually reproducing organisms use both processes of mitosis and meiosis, while asexually reproducing organisms only use mitosis?
- How many chromosomes does Drosophila melanogaster have?If red vizcacha rats (Tympanoctomys barrerae) have 100 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes in each of their diploid somatic cells, then they must have: only 102 chromosomes in their haploid germ cells only 100 chromosomes in their haploid germ cells only 52 chromosomes in their haploid germ cells only 51 chromosomes in their haploid germ cells only 50 chromosomes in their haploid germ cellsMost eukaryotic organisms reproduce sexually, but a few eukaryotic organisms, like Bdelloid rotifers, reproduce asexually. Which of the following describes the difference between the formation of cells in sexually reproducing eukaryotes and asexually reproducing rotifers? A - Sexually reproducing eukaryotes proceed through one stage of meiosis to produce haploid cells, while Bdelloid rotifers proceed through two divisions to produce diploid cells. B= Sexually reproducing eukaryotes proceed through two stages of meiosis to produce haploid cells, while Bdelloid rotifers only need to proceed through one division to produce diploid cells. C- DNA is replicated and divided once in the production of haploid cells in Bdelloid rotifers, while DNA is replicated and divided twice in the production of diploid cells in sexually reproducing eukaryotes. D- DNA is replicated and divided twice in the production of diploid cells in Bdelloid rotifers, while DNA is replicated and divided once in the…