Staphylococcus aureus have a gene, mecA, that makes them resistant to the antibiotic methicillin. They are commonly called methicillin-resistant S. aureus or MRSA.
Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
Microorganisms are divided into seven types such as bacteria, archaea, protozoa, algae, fungi, viruses, and multicellular animal parasites ( helminths ). Each type has a characteristic cellular composition, morphology, means of locomotion, and reproduction. The gene target that is most commonly used for the bacterial identification is 16S rRNA or 16S rDNA. It is a ∼1500 base pair gene that codes for a portion of the 30S ribosome
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