steam 14.0 MPa, 1100°C Generator Turbine 9.5 kPa H20 (in) Boiler H20 (out) liquid Condenser Pump a. For a Rankine engine operating between these limits, compute the thermal efficiency and the heat rate. b. Considering that a Rankine cycle occurs between the limits, determine QA, QR, WNet, and ec. c. What mass flow rate is required for a net output of 25 MW?
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- 1. Consider a steam power plant that operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle and has a net power output of45 MW. Steam enters the turbine at 7 MPa and 500°C and iscooled in the condenser at a pressure of 10 kPa by runningcooling water from a lake through the tubes of the condenserat a rate of 2000 kg/s. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram withrespect to saturation lines, and determine (a) the thermal efficiency of the cycle, (b) the mass flow rate of the steam, and(c) the temperature rise of the cooling water. Answers:(a) 38.9 percent, (b) 36 kg/s, (c) 8.4°C 2. Consider a 210-MW steam power plant that operateson a simple ideal Rankine cycle. Steam enters the turbine at10 MPa and 500°C and is cooled in the condenser at a pressure of 10 kPa. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respectto saturation lines, and determine (a) the quality of the steamat the turbine exit, (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle,and (c) the mass flow rate of the steam. Answers: (a) 0.793,(b) 40.2 percent, (c) 165…A 1050 kPa-boiler is rated at 77,000 kW in a Rankine cycle at which the turbine’s pressure in the cycle is reduced to 20 kPa. The condensation of the saturated steam is carried out using cooling water (Cp=4.18 kJ/kg °C) which enters the condenser at 14°C and leaves it at 88oC . Determine: the turbine’s inlet temperature (in K) the thermal efficiency of the cycle using the net amount of work of the cycle. The flow rate of the cooling water (kmol/s) Number the cycle clockwise with the turbine’s inlet stream as state 1A steam power plant with a closed feedwater Heater operates on a regenerative Rankine cycle with reheating. Steam enters the turbine at 8 MPa pressure and 5YX C temperature, 1Y kg/s flow rate, and condenses in the condenser at 2X kPa pressure. The intermediate heating is condensing at a pressure of 3 MPa. Intermediate heating is done at a pressure of 3 MPa and the steam is heated to a temperature of 5X0 C. Some steam is separated from the low pressure turbine at a pressure of 1 MPa, after it is completely condensed in the closed feed water heater, it is pumped to a pressure of 8 MPa before mixing with the feed water at the same pressure. Assuming the isentropic efficiencies of the turbines and pumps are 8Y.X%, calculate (a) the temperature of the steam at the inlet of the closed feedwater heater, (b) the mass flow rate of the steam leaving the turbine for the closed feedwater heater, (c) the net power, and (d) the thermal efficiency.note: x=2,y=7
- Q.3 A. Calculate the thermal efficiency of a Rankine cycle in which the steam is initially dry saturated at 2 Mpa and the condenser pressure 75 kN / m². Express this efficiency as a percentage of a Carnot cycle efficiency of the same limits of temperature. B. If the steam leaves the boiler at 350 ° C with the same pressure of the boiler and condenser given above. Explain why the Rankine efficiency in (A) is less than in (B), and why the ratio of efficiencies of the respective Rankine and Carnot is greater.A four-cylinder, 8 cm x 10 cm, single acting, V-type compressor operates at 600 rpm. Iti s used in a Freon-12 vapor compression system with condenser and evaporatort emperatures of 29OC and -14OC, respectively. If the compression is dry and isentropic,the clearance is 2 percent. (a) Draw the cycle schematic diagram and (b) draw the corresponding p-h diagram and determine (c) the refrigerating capacity in tons, (d) the heat given off in the condenser, and (e) the COP. The gas constant, k for R-12 is 1.126.A 1000-MW supercritical double-reheat steam power plant operates withthe main (live) steam condition of 250 bars and 560°C and the condenserpressure of 0.04 bar. The steam is reheated first at 30 bars to 560°C andthen at 4 bars to 560°C. The turbine efficiency is 0.92. The feed pumpwork may be ignored. Calculate: (a) the plant net specific work, (b) the plant thermal efficiency, (c) the plant steam mass flow rate, and (d) the plant heat rate.
- Steam enters the turbine of a steam power plant that operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle at a pressure of 6 MPa, and it leaves as a saturated vapor at 7.5 kPa. Heat is transferred to the steam in the boiler at a rate of 40,000 kJ/s. Steam is cooled in the condenser by the cooling water from a nearby river, which enters the condenser at 158C. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and determine (a) the turbine inlet temperature, (b) the net power output and thermal efficiency, and (c) the minimum mass flow rate of the cooling water required.1. A reheat steam cycle has 13,580 kPa of throttle pressure at the turbine inlet and a 37.50308414 atm reheat pressure, the throttle and reheat temperature of the steam is 1302 R, condenser pressure is 4.3 kPa. Determine the difference between the simple Rankine cycle efficiency and the reheat Rankine cycle efficiency, in percent.The mass flow rate of steam is 5 kg/s for a Rankine Cycle. For the actual cycle, the turbine efficiency is 86%, turbine brake efficiency is 80%, and generator efficiency=90%. The inlet conditions of the turbine are 3MPa and 400⁰C while the condensing pressure is 50kPa. a. Sketch the P-v, T-s and h-s diagram of the Cycle b. Calculate for the ideal and actual steam rates and heat rates of the Rankine Cycle and Rankine Engine, respectively. c. Determine the energy chargeable and combine thermal efficiencies for the Rankine Cycle and Rankine engine, respectively
- Steam enters the turbine of a Rankine cycle at 16 MPa, 560°C. The condenser pressure is 8 kPa. The turbine and pump each have isentropic efficiencies of 85%, and the mass flow rate of steam entering the turbine is 120 kg/s. Determine the net power developed, in kW. the rate of heat transfer to the steam passing through the boiler, in kW. the thermal efficiency.Q.8 In a regenerative steam cycle employing one open feed heater, the steam is supplied to the turbine as dry saturated at 40 bar, and exhausted to the condenser at 0.35 bar. The intermediate bleed pressure is 10 bar. Sketch the layout of the plant and show on the temp | entropy diagram the pressure under gone by the steam, neglecting the pump works, calculate: A. The mass of steam bled from the turbine per Kg of steam leaving the boiler. B. The thermal efficiency of the plant. C. The thermal efficiency of the plant without feed heating. D. The heat rate in (kJ/kW.hr) for the plant with and without feed heating.A steam power plant operates on the simple ideal Rankine cycle. The steam enters the turbine at 4 MPa and 500°C and is condensed in the condenser at a temperature of 40°C. draw and label the schematic diagram and the pV and TS planes. (a) Show the cycle on a T-s diagram. If the mass flow rate is 10 kg/s, determine (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle (c) the net power output in kW.