Sun Greenhouse gases Solar radiation Some infrared radiation emitted by carth is absorbed by greenhouse gases and passes through and is mostly absorbed by carth's surface emitted back
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Define The greenhouse effect on earth.
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- 1.28 The sun has a radius of and approximates a blackbody with a surface temperature of about 5800 K. Calculate the total rate of radiation from the sun and the emitted radiation flux per square meter of surface area.Two large parallel plates with surface conditions approximating those of a blackbody are maintained at 816C and 260C, respectively. Determine the rate of heat transfer by radiation between the plates in W/m2 and the radiative heat transfer coefficient in W/m2K.Determine the total average hemispherical emissivity and the emissive power of a surface that has a spectral hemispherical emissivity of 0.8 at wavelengths less than 1.5m, 0.6 at wavelengths from 1.5to2.5m, and 0.4 at wavelengths longer than 2.5m. The surface temperature is 1111 K.
- 11.31 A large slab of steel 0.1 m thick contains a 0.1 -m-di- ameter circular hole whose axis is normal to the surface. Considering the sides of the hole to be black, specify the rate of radiative heat loss from the hole. The plate is at 811 K, and the surroundings are at 300 K.Determine the rate of radiant heat emission in watts per square meter from a blackbody at (a) 15C, (b) 600C, and (c) 5700C.11.68 Two infinitely large, black, plane surfaces are 0.3 m apart, and the space between them is filled by an isothermal gas mixture at 811 K and atmospheric pressure. The gas mixture consists of by volume. If one of the surfaces is maintained at 278 K and the other at 1390 K, calculate (a) the effective emissivity of the gas at its temperature, (b) the effective absorptivity of the gas to radiation from the 1390 K surface, (c) the effective absorptivity of the gas to radiation from the 278 K surface, and (d) the net rate of heat transfer to the gas per square meter of surface area.
- 11.41 Determine the steady-state temperatures of two radiation shields placed in the evacuated space between two infinite planes at temperatures of 555 K and 278 K. The emissivity of all surfaces is 0.8.Determine the view factors F13 and F23 between the rectangular surfacesshown. (Answer: F13 = 0.26, F23 = 0.06)Consider a hemispherical furnace of diameter D = 5 mwith a flat base. The dome of thefurnace is black, and the base has an emissivity of 0.7. Thebase and the dome of the furnace are maintained at uniformtemperatures of 400 and 1000 K, respectively. Determine thenet rate of radiation heat transfer from the dome to the basesurface during steady operation.
- Light from an ideal spherical blackbody 15.0 cm in diameteris analyzed by using a diffraction grating that has 3850 lines/cm.When you shine this light through the grating, you observe that thepeak-intensity wavelength forms a first-order bright fringe at +-14.4from the central bright fringe. (a) What is the temperature of the blackbody?(b) How long will it take this sphere to radiate 12.0 MJ of energyat constant temperature?•A thin disk-shaped wafer (diameter-=30cm) is maintained at T=100oC. The wafer loses heat to the room by convection and radiation from its upper surface while heat is supplied constantly from below. Assuming the surrounding air at 20oC and all surrounding surfaces (isothermal/blackbodies) at T=15oC. How much heat (in W) must be supplied to the wafer? h wafer-air= 30W/m2K Emissivity of wafer’s surface(gray body)=0.85The basal metabolic rate isthe rate at which energy is produced in the body when a person is at rest.A 75 kg (165 lb) person of height 1.83 m (6 ft) has a body surface areaof approximately 2.0 m2. (a) What is the net amount of heat this personcould radiate per second into a room at 18°C (about 65°F) if his skin’ssurface temperature is 30°C? (At such temperatures, nearly all the heatis infrared radiation, for which the body’s emissivity is 1.0, regardless ofthe amount of pigment.) (b) Normally, 80% of the energy produced bymetabolism goes into heat, while the rest goes into things like pumpingblood and repairing cells. Also normally, a person at rest can get rid ofthis excess heat just through radiation. Use your answer to part (a) to findthis person’s basal metabolic rate.