Suppose that f:G - G such that f(x) = axa. Then fis a group homomorphism if and only if a^4 = e O a^3 = e a^2 = e a = e The set of all even integers 2Z is a subgroup of (Z, +) Then the right coset -5 + 2Z contains the element * 7 4 10
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- 11. Show that defined by is not a homomorphism.4. Prove that the special linear group is a normal subgroup of the general linear group .Prove that the Cartesian product 24 is an abelian group with respect to the binary operation of addition as defined in Example 11. (Sec. 3.4,27b, Sec. 5.1,53,) Example 11. Consider the additive groups 2 and 4. To avoid any unnecessary confusion we write [ a ]2 and [ a ]4 to designate elements in 2 and 4, respectively. The Cartesian product of 2 and 4 can be expressed as 24={ ([ a ]2,[ b ]4)[ a ]22,[ b ]44 } Sec. 3.4,27b 27. Prove or disprove that each of the following groups with addition as defined in Exercises 52 of section 3.1 is cyclic. a. 23 b. 24 Sec. 5.1,53 53. Rework Exercise 52 with the direct sum 24.
- 16. Suppose that is an abelian group with respect to addition, with identity element Define a multiplication in by for all . Show that forms a ring with respect to these operations.32. Let be a fixed element of the group . According to Exercise 20 of section 3.5, the mapping defined by is an automorphism of . Each of these automorphism is called an inner automorphism of . Prove that the set forms a normal subgroup of the group of all automorphism of . Exercise 20 of Section 3.5 20. For each in the group , define a mapping by . Prove that is an automorphism of .Let G be a group. Prove that the relation R on G, defined by xRy if and only if there exist an aG such that y=a1xa, is an equivalence relation. Let xG. Find [ x ], the equivalence class containing x, if G is abelian. (Sec 3.3,23) Sec. 3.3, #23: 23. Let R be the equivalence relation on G defined by xRy if and only if there exists an element a in G such that y=a1xa. If x(G), find [ x ], the equivalence class containing x.
- 10. Prove that in Theorem , the solutions to the equations and are actually unique. Theorem 3.5: Equivalent Conditions for a Group Let be a nonempty set that is closed under an associative binary operation called multiplication. Then is a group if and only if the equations and have solutions and in for all choices of and in .Let G=1,i,1,i under multiplication, and let G=4=[ 0 ],[ 1 ],[ 2 ],[ 3 ] under addition. Find an isomorphism from G to G that is different from the one given in Example 5 of this section. Example 5 Consider G=1,i,1,i under multiplication and G=4=[ 0 ],[ 1 ],[ 2 ],[ 3 ] under addition. In order to define a mapping :G4 that is an isomorphism, one requirement is that must map the identity element 1 of G to the identity element [ 0 ] of 4 (part a of Theorem 3.30). Thus (1)=[ 0 ]. Another requirement is that inverses must map onto inverses (part b of Theorem 3.30). That is, if we take (i)=[ 1 ] then (i1)=((i))1=[ 1 ] Or (i)=[ 3 ] The remaining elements 1 in G and [ 2 ] in 4 are their own inverses, so we take (1)=[ 2 ]. Thus the mapping :G4 defined by (1)=[ 0 ], (i)=[ 1 ], (1)=[ 2 ], (i)=[ 3 ]In Example 3, the group S(A) is nonabelian where A={ 1,2,3 }. Exhibit a set A such that S(A) is abelian. Example 3. We shall take A={ 1,2,3 } and obtain an explicit example of S(A). In order to define an element f of S(A), we need to specify f(1), f(2), and f(3). There are three possible choices for f(1). Since f is to be bijective, there are two choices for f(2) after f(1) has been designated, and then only once choice for f(3). Hence there are 3!=321 different mappings f in S(A).