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- A researcher crosses two white-flowered lines ofAntirrhinum plants as follows and obtains the followingresults:pure line 1 × pure line 2↓F1 all whiteF1 × F1↓F2 131 white29 reda. Deduce the inheritance of these phenotypes; useclearly defined gene symbols. Give the genotypes ofthe parents, F1, and F2.b. Predict the outcome of crosses of the F1 with eachparental line.The plant blue-eyed Mary grows on Vancouver Islandand on the lower mainland of British Columbia. Thepopulations are dimorphic for purple blotches on theleaves—some plants have blotches and others don’t. NearNanaimo, one plant in nature had blotched leaves. Thisplant, which had not yet flowered, was dug up and takento a laboratory, where it was allowed to self. Seeds werecollected and grown into progeny. One randomly selected (but typical) leaf from each of the progeny is shown inthe accompanying illustration.a. Formulate a concise genetic hypothesis to explainthese results. Explain all symbols and show all genotypicclasses (and the genotype of the original plant).A pure-breeding strain of squash that produced diskshaped fruits (see the accompanying illustration) wascrossed with a pure-breeding strain having long fruits.The F1 had disk fruits, but the F2 showed a new phenotype, sphere, and was composed of the followingproportions:Longlong 32 sphere 178 disk 270Sphere DiskPropose an explanation for these results, and showthe genotypes of the P, F1, and F2 generations.
- In a vial of Drosophila, a research student noticedseveral female flies (but no male flies) with bag wingseach consisting of a large, liquid-filled blister insteadof the usual smooth wing blade. When bag-wingedfemales were crossed with wild-type males, 1/3 of theprogeny were bag-winged females, 1/3 were normalwinged females, and 1/3 were normal-winged males.Explain these results.In Drosophila, the gene eyeless (ey) is on the fourth chromosome, and four wings (fw) andlegs for antennae (lfa) are both on the third chromosome 20 cM apart. Consider that mutationsin all three genes each cause recessive phenotypes. What frequencies would you expect for thevarious phenotypes amongst the offspring of the test cross shown below (note that the commaseparates alleles on the same chromosome, and the semicolon separates differentchromosomes):This problem leads you through the derivation of acorrected equation for RF in yeast tetrad analysis thattakes into account double crossover (DCO) meioses. A yeast strain that cannot grow in the absence ofthe amino acid histidine (his−) is mated with a yeaststrain that cannot grow in the absence of the aminoacid lysine (lys−). Among the 400 unordered tetrads resulting from this mating, 233 were PD, 11 wereNPD, and 156 were T.a. What types of spores are in the PD, NPD, andT tetrads?b. Are the his and lys genes linked? How do you know? c. Using the simple equation RF = 100 × [NPD +(1/2)T]/total tetrads, calculate the distance in mapunits between the his and lys genes.d. If you think about all the kinds of meiotic eventsthat could occur (refer to Fig. 5.24), you can seethat the calculation you did in part (c) may substantially underestimate RF. What kinds of meioses(NCO, SCO, or DCO) generated each of the tetradtypes in this cross? e. What incorrect assumptions does the simple RFequation…
- Three genes in fruit flies affect a particular trait, andone dominant allele of each gene is necessary to get awild-type phenotype.a. What phenotypic ratios would you predict amongthe progeny if you crossed triply heterozygous flies?b. You cross a particular wild-type male in successionwith three tester strains. In the cross with one testerstrain (AA bb cc), only 1/4 of the progeny are wildtype. In the crosses involving the other two testerstrains (aa BB cc and aa bb CC), half of the progeny are wild type. What is the genotype of thewild-type male?. An allotetraploid species has a genome composed oftwo ancestral genomes, A and B, each of which havea basic chromosome number (x) of seven. In thisspecies, the two copies of each chromosome of eachancestral genome pair only with each other duringmeiosis. Resistance to a pathogen that attacks the foliage of the plant is controlled by a dominant allele atthe F locus. The recessive alleles Faand Fbconfersensitivity to the pathogen, but the dominant resistancealleles present in the two genomes have slightly different effects. Plants with at least one FAallele areresistant to races 1 and 2 of the pathogen regardlessof the genotype in the B genome, and plants with atleast one FBallele are resistant to races 1 and 3 of thepathogen regardless of the genotype in the A genome.What proportion of the self-progeny of an FA Fa FB Fbplant will be resistant to all three races of the pathogen?In Drosophila, the vestigial wings recessive allele,vg, causes the wings to be very small. A geneticistcrossed some true-breeding wild-type males to some vestigial virgin females. The male and female F1 flieswere wild type. He then allowed the F1 flies to matewith one another and found that 1/4 of the male andfemale F2 flies had vestigial wings. He dumped thevestigial F2 flies into a morgue and allowed the wildtype F2 flies to mate and produce an F3 generation.a. Give the genotype and allele frequencies amongthe wild-type F2 flies.b. What will be the frequencies of wild-type andvestigial flies in the F3?c. Assuming the geneticist repeated the selection againstthe vestigial F3 flies (that is, he dumped them in amorgue and allowed the wild-type F3 flies to mate atrandom), what will be the frequency of the wild-typeand mutant alleles in the F4 generation?d. Now the geneticist lets all of the F4 flies mate atrandom (that is, both wild-type and vestigial fliesmate). What will be the…
- As a Drosophila research geneticist, you keep stocksof flies of specific genotypes. You have a fly that hasnormal wings (dominant phenotype). Flies with shortwings are homozygous for a recessive allele of thewing-length gene. You need to know if this fly withnormal wings is pure-breeding or heterozygous forthe wing-length trait. What cross would you do todetermine the genotype, and what results would youexpect for each possible genotype?Test that Mode ofInheritance is Sex Linked Recessive forexperiments at each of two researchinstitutions At two research instructions, the parental cross is anunaffected (wild‐type) male with an affected female. Thecross of a male and female in the F 1generation produces thefollowing counts in the F 2generation: Question to be answered:Compute the Fisher Combined P‐value test using thedata from the two sites, and draw a conclusion (reject,do not reject) the null hypothesis for the Fisher test,namely that the specified MOI at each site is correct. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aff2.68(only abstract) https://bigislandnow.com/2022/10/23/native-predatory-fish-help-control-invasive-species-in-hawaiian-fishpond-on-o%CA%BBahu/#:~:text=Jacks%20and%20barracuda%20in%20He%CA%BBeia,on%20the%20invasive%20mullet%20species.Test that Mode ofInheritance is Sex Linked Recessive forexperiments at each of two researchinstitutions At two research instructions, the parental cross is anunaffected (wild‐type) male with an affected female. Thecross of a male and female in the F 1generation produces thefollowing counts in the F 2generation: Question to be answered:Compute the Fisher Combined P‐value test using thedata from the two sites, and draw a conclusion (reject,do not reject) the null hypothesis for the Fisher test,namely that the specified MOI at each site is correct.