techniques to make messages secure and safe from attacks 1. Confusion 2. Diffusion security goal to kep messages secret from unintended readers 3. Symmetric-key encryption 4. Public-key encryption scheme in which two separate keys are used for encryption and decryption 5. Message integrity able to detect if message is changed 6. Message authentication 7. Cryptographic hash function scheme where the sender and receiver use shared information for encryption 8. and decryption Digital signature 9. Cryptography

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A: The code is below:

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