The brain circuits outside the hypothalamus is referred to as the extrahypothalamic circuits. (A) What are two key structures involved in the “hedonic” aspects of food intake? (B) What are the roles in food intake/feeding?
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The brain circuits outside the hypothalamus is referred to as the extrahypothalamic circuits. (A) What are two key structures involved in the “hedonic” aspects of food intake? (B) What are the roles in food intake/feeding?
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- What is the action of Parasympathetic division (calming) on salivation after a crisis passes?What role does neuropeptide Y play in control of appetite? Where do its effects take place?1. Name two appetite-stimulating and two appetite-suppressing levels hormones. What brain region do these directly affect? 2. How do these hormones usually affect the release of endorphins and stimulation of other reward pathways in the brain? 3. What is the proposed mechanism of how fat/sugar/calorie dense foods override natural hunger control in some individuals?
- Consider a scenario in which a person is on a diet and is eating far less each day than dictated by their set point. Describe both the glucostatic theory and the lipostatic theory, explain why someone might be motivated to eat, both in the short-term and over the long-term, make sure to include an explanation of the hypothalamus and its role in monitoring the set points.From the point of view of physiology, what is the most important constituent of bile? Provide at least four important functions of it.Which of the following are true about the "integrator" portion of intake regulation? (More than one answer may be correct): A) It received sensory input from chemoreceptors in the gut B) It receives sensory input from adipose tissue C) It is located in the digestive tract D) It can only increase apetite, not decrease it E) It is located in the hypothalamus
- What are the three factors that affect appetite?The manometric tracings show changes in pressure in the pharynx, esophagus, and lower esophageal sphincter after a person swallows, which of the following lettered tracing shows a pressure change that requires activation of enteric inhibitory motor neurons?describe the nervous control of salivation and swallowing.