the CFGs given are ambiguous or not
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. Determine whether the CFGs given are ambiguous or not
- S→ a|aSb|Y
Y→ Yb|a|aY
note: subject: compailer concept deptt: cs/It
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- Topic : Binary Classification, Sub: Computer Science 3. Consider the training examples shown in Table 4.2 for a binary classificationproblem.(a) What is the entropy of this collection of training examples with respectto the positive class? (b) What are the information gains of a1 and a2 relative to these trainingexamples?Determine and justify whether planar or notWhat exactly is an ADT and how does it function? What exactly are the benefits of ADTs? When it comes to resolving a problem, how does the concept of heredity help?
- Give an example of a wff that is false in every model whose domain contains fewerthan three objects.Of the logics that we have learned (PL, MPL, GPL, GPLI), which have atomic/basicpropositions that are logical truths? Explain.4 CNF Step 4Perform step four of converting the following CFG into CNF by removing remaining rules.V = {S, A, B}, Σ = {a, b}, S = S, R =S →AAB |aBb |ABB |AbA →AAB |aBb |ABB |AbB →BB |Bb |bFor example, what does a perceptron network model entail? How could this model be used for straightforward linear classification, where objects are divided into two categories according to a line drawn between them and a set of two features? To demonstrate how elementary logical operations (like AND and OR) function? Which of the following logical processes does not function in a perceptron model? Which logical expression cannot be used in a perceptron model? What small adjustment could be made to the feedforward network model to make it capable of modeling all the elementary steps of logic?
- Exercise 1.4.1: Proving tautologies and contradictions. About Show whether each logical expression is a tautology, contradiction or neither. (a) (p ∨ q) ∨ (q → p) (b) (p → q) ↔ (p ∧ ¬q) (c) (p → q) ↔ p (d) (p → q) ∨ p (e) (¬p ∨ q) ↔ (p ∧ ¬q) (f) (¬p ∨ q) ↔ (¬p ∧ q)At least three Venn diagrams are required in the real-world situation. In this case, a Venn diagram is the best tool for the job. Discuss the significance of the intersection and union of the distinct sets.Consider the wffs:φ1 ≡ p1 → (p2 → (p3 → p4))φ2 ≡ (p1 ∧ p2 ∧ p3) → p4(a) Technically speaking, neither φ1 nor φ2 is well-formed since neither is allowed by the formal syntaxof propositional logic. Correct them. Note, however, that we will freely make such trivial ’errors’ throughout this semester (as do most such courses).(b) Use truth tables (in the form defined in this course) to show that φ1 ↔ φ2.(c) After internalizing an intuitive understanding of this equality, propose an extension of it to n atoms.(d) State the number of rows in a truth table for proving the extension
- Consider the wffs:φ1 ≡ p1 → (p2 → (p3 → p4))φ2 ≡ (p1 ∧ p2 ∧ p3) → p4(a) Technically speaking, neither φ1 nor φ2 is well-formed since neither is allowed by the formal syntaxof propositional logic. Correct them. Note, however, that we will freely make such trivial ’errors’throughout this semester (as do most such courses).(b) Use truth tables (in the form defined in this course) to show that φ1 ↔ φ2.(c) After internalizing an intuitive understanding of this equality, propose an extension of it to natoms.(d) State the number of rows in a truth table for proving the extension.Given below are some facts and predicates for some knowledge base (KB). State if the unification for either variable x or y is possible or not. If the unification is possible then show the unified values for variables x and y. a. American (Bob), American (y) b. Enemy (Nono, America), Enemy(x,y) c. Weapon (Missile), soldTo (Missile, y), Weapon (x), soldTo (x, Nono) d. L(x, y), (L(y, x) ^ L(A, B))Which of the following are tautology, contradiction, contingent, consistent, inconsistent, logically equivalent, or logically consequence: a) (p v q → r) → ((p → r) ˄ (q → r)) b) (p v q) ↔ ((p v ¬ q) ˄ q) c) ¬((p → q) → ¬(q → p)) d) ¬p → ¬q and ¬(q ˄ ¬p) e) p v (q ˄ r) and (p v q) ˄ (p v r)