The chest wall transmural pressure Atmospheric pressure (Patm) = 760 mmHg -F Thoracic wall [D 756 -B 760 Lung A Diaphragm Alveolar pressure (Paly) equals -4 mm Hg equals 0 mm Hg cannot be determined by the information provided in this figure equals +4 mm Hg
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- Question 42 During your morning assessment of a client with asthma, you find her oxygen saturation is 88% on 2L/minute of oxygen via nasal cannula. What is the best way to deliver oxygen therapy to this client to obtain an oxygen saturation greater than 90%? Question 42 options: Apply a partial rebreather mask at 8L/minute Leave the oxygen at 2L/minute via nasal cannula Apply a Venturi (venti) mask at 28% oxygen Increase the flow rate of the nasal cannula to 10L/minuteQuestion 35 In emphysema, the destruction of alveolar septa and bronchial walls often leads to: Question 35 options: a decrease in total lung capacity gas trapping and increased residual volume an increase in surface area for gas exchange a reduction in total lung complianceQuestion 1 When teaching parents what to do if their asthmatic child is in respiratory distress, the nurse would include all of the following EXCEPT: Question 1 options: Seek immediate medical attention if the child is in respiratory distress Do not allow the child to exert themselves Expose the child to cold fresh air to help with breathing Administer Ventolin 2 - 4 puffs every 15 - 20 minutes
- QUESTION 17 Lungs: With age, lung function becomes "less efficient." Which one does not explain why? Lung tissue becomes more "elastic" resulting in less expansion. There is a decrease in "reserve capacity" that affects stamina. There is a decrease in the number of airs sacs for oxygen transport. Muscles in the rib cage become weaker and reduce contraction.Question 39 The activity of alpha-1 antitrypsin is necessary to prevent which of the following disorders? Question 39 options: Chronic bronchitis Emphysema Cystic fibrosis AsthmaQuestion 60 You embark on a hiking trip on Mt. Kilimanjaro (altitude = 19,000 ft; Atmospheric air pressure = 379 mmHg). As you ascend, what happens to the PO 2 in the alveoli? No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air. Alveolar PO, decreases. Alveolar PO 2 increases.
- Question 28 During an acute exacerbation of asthma (asthma attack), patients may initially suffer from respiratory alkalosis as a result of: Question 28 options: Hyperventilation Bronchoconstriction Carbon dioxide retention HypoxemiaQuestion 34 In COPD, hypoxemia may give rise to a condition known as polycythemia. What is polycythemia? Question 34 options: An increase in the number of circulating erythrocytes An increase in the number of circulating leukocytes An decrease in the number of circulating erythrocytes An decrease in the number of circulating leukocytesQuestion 37 Which of the following findings of a respiratory assessment would be found in an infant but NOT a child? Question 37 options: Intercostal recession Supraclavicular recession Nasal flare See-saw breathing
- Question 27 in which bronchial and pulmonary disease do tubercles encapsulate bacteria, resulting in lung elasticity being reduced? Pulmonary tuberculosis Bronchitis Pulmonary fibrosis Pneumonia AsthmaQuestion 6 In patients with pulmonary fibrosis, alveolar thickness is increased (due to tissue necrosis), and the alveolar area is reduced. Explain how increased alveolar thickness and the decreased area would affect the diffusion of oxygen from lung alveoli into capillary blood. (Use Fick’s equation to explain how oxygen diffusion will be affected when alveolar thickness increases and area decreases).Question 36 In COPD, hypoxemia may promote a compensatory increase in RBC production. What organ is responsible for detecting hypoxemia and releasing erythropoietin to stimulate RBC production? Question 36 options: Liver Red bone marrow Kidneys Peripheral chemoreceptors