The dissociation of rhodopsin in the rods in response to light causes a.the Na+ channels to become blocked. b.the rods to secrete less neurotransmitter. c.the bipolar cells to become either stimulated or inhibited. d.all of these.
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The dissociation of rhodopsin in the rods in response to light causes
a.the Na+ channels to become blocked.
b.the rods to secrete less neurotransmitter.
c.the bipolar cells to become either stimulated or inhibited.
d.all of these.
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- The transduction process of converting light into neural signals sent to the central nervous system involves which of these steps? A. Bipolar Cells collect signals from Rods and Cones. B. The Optic Nerve carries signals about light from the Lateral Geniculate Nuclues to the Retinal Ganglion Cells. C. Retinal Ganglion Cells relay information to Rods and Cones. D. Light that reaches the eyes passes first through the Retina which focuses that light onto the Cornea.Which of the following best describes the function of a camera type eye? A) To form high-definition images that are transmitted to the brain. B) To gather and concentrate light through a lens onto retinal tissue which generates an impulse that is transmitted to the brain. C) To protect the optic nerve which generates an impulse that is transmitted to the brain. D) To detect vibrations through the vitreous body which generates an impulse that is transmitted to the brain.Given what you already know about the sensation of pain, what is the expected change in membrane potential when pain is felt by sensory receptors? Select one: a. The nerve impulses increase in strength and lower the threshold potential. b. The nerve impulses occur more frequently, thereby transmitting more action potentials according to the intensity of pain. c. The nerve impulses occur more frequently and prevent neurons from entering the refractory period. d. The nerve impulses increase in strength, thereby making the maximum membrane potential higher than normal.
- Which of the following is TRUE about cone cells? a. The three types of cones that humans have are called Q-cones, R-cones, and S-cones b. There are no cones at all in areas important for peripheral vision c. There are more cones than rods in areas of the retina that are important for peripheral vision d. There are no cones where the optic nerve leaves the eyeballThe order in which the cells in the eye process light is __________. A) photoreceptors; ganglion cells; bipolar cells B) ganglion cells; bipolar cells; photoreceptors C) photoreceptors; bipolar cells; ganglion cells D) bipolar cells; photoreceptors; ganglion cellsWhat happens if we cover the entire receptive field of an off-center, on-surround ganglion cell with light? A) The cell produces a moderate amount of action potentials, similar to when it is in the dark. B) The cell initially becomes more active, because light is now present, but then reduces its activity quickly. C) The cell becomes much less active than it is in the dark. D) The cell becomes much more active than it is in the dark.
- When light strikes a photoreceptor, it reduces the amount of glutamate that it releases. This releases ___ cells from inhibition, allowing them to release more neurotransmitters and excite ___ cells. This produces action potentials that travel down the optic nerve. A) horizontal; amacrine B) amacrine; horizontal C) ganglion; bipolar D) bipolar; ganglionTransduction of a stimulus usually causes depolarization of a sensory receptor. a.)In most receptors, what is the chemical basis for this depolarization (that is, what is the specific mechanism for the change)?b.)How is a photoreceptor different from other receptors in terms of its membrane potential? c.) Explain how photoreceptors in the light can lead to excitation of some bipolar cells and inhibition of othersA device that monitors the activity of the photoreceptor cells of the eye indicates that there is a constant flow of neurotransmitter being released by the photoreceptor cells. This information implies that the subject is a. reading. b. in a dark room. c. outside in sunlight. d. in a brightly lit auditorium. e. focusing on a distant object.
- If a kitten has one eye shut for its first few weeks of life, its visual cortex becomes insensitive to that eye. Why? a. The receptors die. b. Any axon that is not used for that long becomes unable to respond. c. Activity from the active eye displaces synapses from the inactive eye.Sensory receptor cells transduce physical or chemical stimuli: a) by limiting action potentials b) from chemical to electrical energy c) from an action potential into a synaptic potential d) by summing incoming action potentials e) into a change in the membrane potential of the sensory receptor cellsWhen you are stalking your friend's social media via a smartphone.a. In your opinion, which receptor organs and cells function to process light stimuli so that they can be transmitted to neurons to become an electrical signal. Explain your answer!b. Describe in detail how the light transduction process pathway to the eye, so that it can see an information from your smartphone!