The effect of antibiotics on micro organismsis mainly due to a. Inhibition of cell-wall synthesis b. Damage to the cytoplasmic membrane c. Inhibition of nucleic acid and protein synthesis d. AOTA
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- Doctors prescribe synergistic drug combinations to treatbacterial infections. The purpose of such treatment is to:(a) Change the bacteria with cell walls to L forms lackingcell walls(b) Reduce the treatment time of the disease(c) Prevent microorganisms from acquiring drug resis-tance(d) Reduce the toxic side effects of the antibiotics(e) Use lower doses of antibioticsWhich mechanism of antibiotic resistance is most likely to result in "cross resistance" against multiple antibiotic drugs resulting in the development of "superbugs"? a. Modification of drug target b. Enzyme deactivation of drug c. Efflux pumps d. Blocking entry of drug into the cellA bacterium that produces an extracellular enzyme may: a. cause a boil b. resist an antibiotic c. degrade external sources of food d. all answers e. a and b
- The nucleic acid of animal viruses enters the host cell througha. injection b. fusion c. endocytosis d. b and cIn _______, viral DNA becomes integrated into a bacterial chromosome and is passed to descendant cells. a. binary fission c. the lysogenic pathway b. the lytic pathway d. conjugationMost antiviral drugs: a) damage the cell wall b) are nucleoside analogs c) are enzymes inhibitors d) prevent viruses from entering cells e) damage the plasma membrane
- Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of the antibiotic streptomycin? A. it disrupts protein synthesis in resistant bacteria. B. Streptomycin inhibits cell wall synthesis in all bacterial species. C. Streptomycin creates mutations in bacteria which cause them to become resistant. D. It disrupts protein synthesis in nonresistant bacteria.Bacteriophages kill their host quickly by____ . a. binary fission c. a lysogenic pathway b. a lytic pathway d. transformationAflatoxins, the naturally occurring mycotoxins produced by molds cause DNA mutation by acting as a. acylating agents b. deaminating agents c. intercalating agents d. none of the above
- The first step for directly linking a microbe to a specific disease according to Koch's postulates is to A.isolate microbes from the blood of healthy animals. B. culture the blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal using nutrient medium. C. inject a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal into a healthy animal. D. obtain a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal.Bacteria such as Mycoplasma that lack cell walls are:(a) Sensitive to penicillin(b) Resistant to penicillin(c) Protected from adverse conditions by a waxy, acid-fastcoating(d) Obligated to live inside of other cells as endosymbiontsWhy are Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections difficult to treat? A. Because they form biofilms, which are difficult for antibiotics to penetrate. B. Because they have a special endotoxin that degrades many antibiotics. C. Because we do not have any antibiotics that target P. aeruginosa. D. Because they are gram-positive bacteria, which are harder to treat.