The following describes the relationship between fluid in a red blood cell and 0.9% NaCl: O a Hypertonic Fluid O b. Hypotonic Fluid Oc. Isotonic Fluid Od. A and B Oe. All of the Above
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- Which of the following is the most important bufferinside red blood cells?a. plasma proteinsb. hemoglobinc. phosphate buffersd. bicarbonate: carbonic acid bufferMannitol, a carbohydrate, is supplied as a 25% (w/v) solution. This hypertonic solution is given to patients who have sustained a head injury with associated brain swelling. (a) What volume should be given to provide a dose of 70. g? (b) How does the hypertonic mannitol benefi t brain swelling?Buffer systems can absorb hydrogen ions from the blood to increase pH into homeostatic range (pH: 7.35 to 7.45)During what condition would buffer systems do this?
- the reason solutions for injection normally contain either 150mm NaCL or 5% dextrose is that these a. are necessary for metabolism b. are hypertonic to the blood and cells c. are isotonic to the blood and cells d. are hypotonic to the blood and cellsWhich among the following is an example of an isotonic intravenous solution? A. Dextrose normal saline B. 10% Dextrose C. 0.45% NaCl D. Ringer's LactateThe sodium ion is at the highest concentration in: a. intracellular fluid b. extracellular fluid c. blood plasma d. none of the above
- When a dehydrated human patient needs to be given fluids intravenously, he or she is given: a. water, which is hypotonic with respect to body fluids b. saline at a concentration that is isotonic with respect to body fluids c. glucose because it is a non-electrolyte d. bloodSodium and chloride are the predominant electrolytes in the extracellular fluid. A. True B. FalseCalculate the overall amount (ml) for each of the following components: water, solutes, RBC’s, WBC”s and Platelets present in the blood based on the following percentages. Plasma (55%) a. 92% water b. 8% solutes Formed Elements (45%) a. 95% RBC’s b. 5% WBC’s and platelets 150 ml of blood Water ______________ Solutes ______________ RBC’s ______________ WBC’s & Platelets ______________ 2. 200 ml of blood Water ______________ Solutes ______________ RBC’s ______________ WBC’s & Platelets ______________
- Two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane that is permeable only to water. The two solutions are: Solution A = 150 mM KCl Solution B = 150 mM Angiotensin (a 7 amino acid polypeptide) Which of the following would best explain the net movement in this situation? - water will move from the KCl side to Angiotensin side - water will move from Angiotensin side to KCl side - The Cl- ion will move to the angiotensin side until there is 75 mM Cl- on each side - Since Angiotensin is not an ion, it can move through the membrane - There is no net water movement as the concentrations are the same on both sidesOxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes diffusion down gradients of a. concentration b. tempertaure c. partial pressure d. ionic potential e. osmolarityWhat is the osmolarity (mOS (m)/(L)) of the IV fluids ordered? (MW of dextrose )=198; MW of Na=23; MW of Cl=(35.5) (Round to the nearest whole number ). IV Fluids Ordered: D^(5)NS continuously at 125m(L)/(h)r