The knee-jerk reflex is often called a stretch reflex because a sharp tap on the patellar ligament stretches the quadriceps femoris, the extensor muscle of the leg. Describe the components and se-quence of events that lead to a “knee jerk.” Why is this reflex sim-pler than most reflex arcs? What is the difference between a reflex arc and a reflex act?

The knee-jerk reflex is often called a stretch reflex because a sharp tap on the patellar ligament stretches the quadriceps femoris, the extensor muscle of the leg. Describe the components and se-quence of events that lead to a “knee jerk.” Why is this reflex sim-pler than most reflex arcs? What is the difference between a reflex arc and a reflex act?

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter13: The Nervous System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4SQ: In the simplest kind of reflex______, directly signal ________, which act on muscle cells. a....

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In the simplest kind of reflex______, directly signal ________, which act on muscle cells. a. sensory neurons; interneurons b. interneurons; motor neurons c. sensory neurons; motor neurons d. motor neurons; sensory neurons
The highly localized nature of stretch reflex is due to :-a- the limited number of interneurons in the reflex pathwayb- all the central ends of afferents from spindles of the stretched muscle terminate on the α -motor neurons of the musclec- the α -motor neurons of the stretched muscle receive most of the central terminals of afferents coming from spindles of the muscled- activation of inhibitory interneurons which inhibit the motor neurons ofthe surrounding muscles
The withdrawal reflex is a monosynaptic reflex arc.True ORFalse
Descartes' version of the reflex arc was important for understanding the brain's role in sensation, perception and reactivity. Which feature of Descartes' reflex arc is comparable to neurotransmission through motor, inter, and sensory neurons in the present day reflex circuit? A) body activity B) External stimulus C) Valvules Opening D) Nerve stimulation
Central delay of reflex actions :-a- is due to presence of inhibitory interneurons in the reflex pathwayb- is the time between stimulation of receptors and response of the effector musclec- is longer in the flexor reflex than in the stretch reflexd- is determined by the velocity of conduction of impulses along the afferent and efferent neurons in the reflex pathway
Reflexes can be somatic (as in the knee jerk response) or visceral (as in vomiting). Given that both result in an involuntary motor response, why aren’t they both considered visceral motor?
Neuroscience Students are celebrating the end of the year and have gotten together for a few ice-old Pepsi’s. Sarvesh holds out his mug for a refill and when Nicole starts to pour soda in, the mug slips down slightly but Sarvesh quickly recovers to prevent his mug from spilling. Which of the following does NOT occur in this reflex circuit?Group of answer choicesThe added load of the soda stretches the intrafusal muscle fibers of the bicepSensory neurons from the muscle spindle synapse onto α motor neurons and interneuronsThe rate of action potential firing increases in the muscle spindle fiberExcitation of motor neurons innervating the bicep muscleAll of the above *do* occur
Inverse stretch reflex :-a- increases the possibility of avulsion of the excessively stretched muscle from its bony attachmentsb- has no reciprocal innervation circuitsc- is clinically manifested by lengthening reactiond- is clinically tested by examining the tendon jerks
Concerning the patellar reflex, compare the reflex with and without Jendrassik's maneuver. The central junction of the reflex arc for the patellar reflex consists only of a synapse between the afferent and efferent neuron. Diagram such a reflex arc and label the five major components.
Muscle fatigue has been suggested as one factor that can increase the chances of non-contact sports injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Notably, some researchers have noted a delay in the reflex response after muscle fatigue. With your understanding of the stretch reflex, which of the following is the most logical contributing factor to the injury? a. the distraction of the game causes inhibitory impulses to be sent down from the somatosensory cortex, so muscles are not operating at full capacity b. the proprioceptors adapt and become less sensitive c. there is an increase in time to muscle contraction after triggering a reflex
Selective destruction of a motoneurons in the spinal cord will have which of the following effects on the affected muscles?A) Flaccid paralysisB) HypertrophyC) Lead-pipe rigidityD) RigidityE) Spastic paralysis
Compare and contrast the neural paths for a somatic reflex versus a visceral reflex. (answer max 10sentences)