The market value of Helig Forestry and Mining Corporation bonds dropped when the federal government passed new legislation banning one of the company’s primary techniques for extracting ore. Harris Corporation owns Helig bonds and classifies its investment as securities available-for-sale.How should the decline in market value be handled by Harris?
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The market value of Helig Forestry and Mining Corporation bonds dropped
when the federal government passed new legislation banning one of the company’s primary techniques for extracting ore. Harris Corporation owns Helig bonds and classifies its investment as securities available-for-sale.
How should the decline in market value be handled by Harris?
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As a result, the company will have…Addison Manufacturing holds a large portfolio of debt securities as an investment. The fair value of the portfolio is greater than its original cost, even though some debt securities have decreased in value. Sam Beresford, the financial vice president, and Angie Nielson, the controller, are near year-end in the process of classifying for the first time this securities portfolio in accordance with GAAP. Beresford wants to classify those securities that have increased in value during the period as trading securities in order to increase net income this year. He wants to classify all the securities that have decreased in value as held-to-maturity. Nielson disagrees. She wants to classify those debt securities that have decreased in value as trading securities and those that have increased in value as held-to-maturity. She contends that the company is having a good earnings year and that recognizing the losses will help to smooth the income this year. 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These failed audits, related to frauds at Waste Management (1996) and Sunbeam (1997), should have raised red flags for management and any outside observers that some of the audit firm’s internal quality assurance processes were not working. When the federal government uncovered Enron’s fraud along with the string of poor quality audits at Arthur Andersen, the government forced the audit firm out of business. Internal documentation at Arthur Andersen showed that there were conflicts between the auditors and the audit committee of Enron, and that even though there were many individuals concerned about the accounting and disclosure practices at Enron, nothing was done by Andersen to report these problems. In fact, the leading partner on the audit, David Duncan, actively worked to ensure that Enron’s fraudulent financial reporting went uncovered. It appears that Duncan was motivated by the fact that Arthur Andersen was earning enormous consulting fees on the Enron engagement; Enron was a hugely important client for him personally and for the Houston office of Arthur Andersen. Together, these conflicts of interest clouded his independent judgment and professional skepticism. Around the time that Enron declared bankruptcy in late 2001, Arthur Andersen personnel in the Houston office began aggressively destroying documentation relating to the Enron engagement. This action enabled the federal government to file charges against Arthur Andersen that ultimately led to the downfall of the audit firm. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was enacted partially in response to the Enron fraud and the revelation of the poor audit conducted by Arthur Andersen, which is why this case is of particular historical relevance. Considering these facts, answer the following questions: a. Members of Enron management were the individuals who perpetrated the financial statement fraud, this, why do you think the auditors were held responsible when they are not the ones actually making the fraudulent journal entries? b. Explain why the consulting fees and importance of Enron to David Duncan and the Houston office of Arthur Andersen might have affected Duncan’s independence, and thus the quality of the audits he supervised. c. Describe the likely users of Enron’s audited financial statements. How were these various user groups likely affected by the fraud? d. How might the sequential list of frauds perpetrated by Arthur Andersen client (Wage Management, Sunbeam, and finally Enron) have affected the decision by the SEC and federal prosecutors to aggressively seek Arthur Andersen’s legal demise?
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