The results of a refraction survey (Figure 3.45a) at a site given in the following table. Determine the thickness and P-wave velocity of the materials encountered. 3.31 are Time of first arrival of P waves (s x 103) Distance from the source of disturbance (m) 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 5.08 10.16 15.24 17.01 20.02 24.2 27.1 28.0 31.1 33.9

for each increment of the richter scale the energy of an earthquake increases by a factor of about   a) 30 b) 100 c) 3 d)10

In many beam design problems, deflection is a limiting criteria. Assuming a rectan- gular simply supported beam loaded as shown in Figure SP4.1, and the height of the beam is fixed by other design considerations, determine the difference in width required for an aluminum beam compared to a steel beam. 2x FIGURE SP4.1