The strength of concrete primarily depends on the:Type of aggregatesWater-cement ratioCuring timeMixing method
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- What is the maximum aggregate size that can be used in concrete for the following conditions:Compute the Fineness Modulus for fine aggregate.Design the concrete mix according to the following conditions:Design EnvironmentPavement slab, subjected to freezingRequired design strength = 21 MPaSlab thickness = 300 mmStatistical data indicate a standard deviation of compressive strength of1.7 MPa is expected (more than 30 samples).Only air entrainer is allowed.Available MaterialsAir entrainer: Manufacture specification is 9.5 mL/1% air/100 kgcement.Coarse aggregate: 2 in. nominal maximum size, crushed stoneBulk oven-dry specific gravity = 2.573, absorption = 2.8,Oven-dry rodded density = 1922 kg/m3Moisture content = 1,Fine aggregate: Natural sandBulk oven-dry specific gravity = 2.540, absorption = 3.4,Moisture content = 4.5,Fineness modulus = 2.68
- For a design a concrete which will be exposed to seawater and sulfates in a structure that comprises thin members, the 28-day compressive strength is required to be 30 MPa and slump of the fresh concrete is specified as 8-10 cm. Maximum size of the aggregate is 25 mm. Other necessary data are given as: Specific gravity of cement = 3.1 Bulk specific gravity of coarse aggregate = 2.68 Bulk specific gravity of fine aggregate = 2.64 Absorption capacity of both aggregates is 1.5% Fineness modulus of fine aggregate = 2.8 Dry rodded unit weight of the coarse aggregate = 1600 kg/m3 What should be the weight of dry weight of coarse aggregate in kg's? What should be the weight of fine aggregate in kg's? What should be the water to cement ratio? Seç... ÷ Seç... + Seç...Concrete is required for a column that will be Severe exposed to freezing and thawing. The cross section of the column is 300 × 300 mm. The smallest spacing between reinforcing steel is 30 mm. The Required Average Compressive Strength of concrete at 28 days is 35 MPa with a slump of 80 to 100 mm. The properties of materials are as follows: ❖ Cement used is type I Portland cement with a specific gravity of 3.15. ◆ The available coarse aggregate has a maximum size of 23 mm, a dry-rodded unit weight of 1800 kg/m3, a bulk specific gravity (SSD) of 2.7, absorption capacity of 0.55%, and moisture content (SSD) of 0.25%. The fine aggregate has a bulk specific gravity (SSD) of 2.75, absorption capacity of 1.4%, a moisture content (SSD) of 2.5%, and a fineness modulus of 2.70. The aggregates conform to the ASTM C33-84 requirements for grading.Concrete is required for a column that will be moderately exposed to freezing and thawing. The cross section of the column is 300 × 300 mm. The smallest spacing between reinforcing steel is 30 mm. The specified compressive strength of concrete at 28 days is 40 MPa with a slump of 80 to 100 mm. The properties of materials are as follows: ❖ Cement used is type I Portland cement with a specific gravity of 3.15. ◆ The available coarse aggregate has a maximum size of 23 mm, a dry-rodded unit weight of 1800 kg/m3, a bulk specific gravity (SSD) of 2.7, absorption capacity of 0.55%, and moisture content (SSD) of 0.25%. The fine aggregate has a bulk specific gravity (SSD) of 2.75, absorption capacity of 1.4%, a moisture content (SSD) of 2.5%, and a fineness modulus of 2.70. The aggregates conform to the ASTM C33-84 requirements for grading.
- The properties of hardened concrete also affected by curing process. Analyze any possible defect occurred in concrete without curingWhich type of aggregate is more harmful for using in concrete? Angular Rounded Rough ElongatedConcrete is required for walls of a building that will be Severe Exposed to freezing and thawing. The cross section of a wall is 300 x 1500 mm. The smallest spacing between reinforcing steel is 50 mm. The Required Average Compressive Strength of concrete at 28 days is 40 MPa and a slump of 55 mm. Portland cement type I is used with specific gravity of 3.12, maximum size of aggregate 27 mm and fineness modulus of fine aggregate is 2.4, absorption capacity and moisture content of fine aggregate are of 0.92%, and 1.95% respectively. The dry-rodded unit weight of coarse aggregate is 1820 kg/m³, absorption capacity and moisture content of coarse aggregate are of 0.75%, and 1.85% respectively. Both aggregates have a bulk specific gravity (SSD) of (2.45). The aggregates conform to the ASTM C33-84 requirements for grading. Estimate the quantity of (cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water) for 1m³ concrete.
- Design the concrete mix according to the following conditions:Design EnvironmentPavement slab, Bozeman, Montana (cold climate)Required design strength = 3000 psiSlab thickness = 12 in.Statistical data indicate a standard deviation of compressive strength of250 psi is expected (more than 30 samples).Only air entrainer is allowed.Available MaterialsAir entrainer: Manufacture specification is 0.15 fl oz/1% air/100 lb cement.Coarse aggregate: 2 in. nominal maximum size, crushed stoneBulk oven-dry specific gravity = 2.573, absorption = 2.8,Oven-dry rodded density = 120 pcfMoisture content = 1,Fine aggregate: Natural sandBulk oven-dry specific gravity = 2.540, absorption = 3.4,Moisture content = 4.5,Fineness modulus = 2.68Group C: Design a concrete mix to implement a Mass concrete (exposed to sever conditions moisture and freezing and thawing) with design compressive strength 25 MPa, a standard deviation equals to 4 and the percentage expected less than minimum strength is 10%. Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement is used. The maximum size of an angular aggregate is 50 mm with apparent density 1500 kg/m3. The available fine aggregate has fineness modulus 2.4 an air entraining agent has been used in the mix.Design the concrete mix according to the following conditions: Design environment Tennis court, subjected to freezing Required design strength =21 MPa Slab thickness=300 mm Statistical data indicate a standard deviation of compressive strength of 3.7 MPa is expected (for 50 samples) Only air entrainer is allowed Available materials: Air=7% Air entertainer: Manufacturer specification is 9.0 ML /1% air/100kg cement Slump=50 mm Coarse aggregate: 50 mm nominal maximum size, crushed stone Bulk volume oven-dry specific gravity=2.61, absorption=2.8%, oven-dry rodded density=1870 kg/m3 Moisture content=1% Fine aggregate: Natural sand Bulk oven-dry specific gravity=2.54, absorption=3.4% Moisture content= 4.5% Fineness modulus=2.60 Cement: Type I, relative density=3.1