The Voyager 1 spacecraft, now in interstellar space, radios data back to Earth using a 22.4-W transmitter. A high-gain antenna focuses a narrow beam of radio waves toward Earth, making the transmitter equivalent to one that, if it were broadcasting in all directions, would have 50,000 times the power of the actual transmitter. In the current epoch, the Deep Space Network antennas that receive Voyager’s broadcasts detect Voyager signals with electric-field amplitudes of 3.9 pV/m. How far away is Voyager?

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The Voyager 1 spacecraft, now in interstellar space, radios data back to Earth using a 22.4-W transmitter. A high-gain antenna focuses a narrow beam of radio waves toward Earth, making the transmitter equivalent to one that, if it were broadcasting in all directions, would have 50,000 times the power of the actual transmitter. In the current epoch, the Deep Space Network antennas that receive Voyager’s broadcasts detect Voyager signals with electric-field amplitudes of 3.9 pV/m. How far away is Voyager?

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