Theorem. Let M, N, and P be R-modules over a commutative ring 3.2 R. Then (i) MORN = NORM as R-modules. (ii) (MORN)®RP=M®R(N®RP) as R-modules.
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- 22. Let be a ring with finite number of elements. Show that the characteristic of divides .21. Prove that if a ring has a finite number of elements, then the characteristic of is a positive integer.An element in a ring is idempotent if . Prove that a division ring must contain exactly two idempotent e elements.
- . a. Let, and . Show that and are only ideals of and hence is a maximal ideal. b. Show that is not a field. Hence Theorem is not true if the condition that is commutative is removed. Theorem 6.22 Quotient Rings That are Fields. Let be a commutative ring with unity, and let be an ideal of . Then is a field if and only if is a maximal ideal of .a. If R is a commutative ring with unity, show that the characteristic of R[ x ] is the same as the characteristic of R. b. State the characteristic of Zn[ x ]. c. State the characteristic of Z[ x ].18. Find subrings and of such that is not a subring of .
- Examples 5 and 6 of Section 5.1 showed that P(U) is a commutative ring with unity. In Exercises 4 and 5, let U={a,b}. Is P(U) a field? If not, find all nonzero elements that do not have multiplicative inverses. [Type here][Type here]Let R be a commutative ring with characteristic 2. Show that each of the following is true for all x,yR a. (x+y)2=x2+y2 b. (x+y)4=x4+y4Let R be a commutative ring with unity whose only ideals are {0} and R Prove that R is a field.(Hint: See Exercise 30.)
- 44. Consider the set of all matrices of the form, where and are real numbers, with the same rules for addition and multiplication as in. a. Show that is a ring that does not have a unity. b. Show that is not a commutative ring.18. Let be a commutative ring with unity, and let be the principal ideal in . Prove that is isomorphic to .24. If is a commutative ring and is a fixed element of prove that the setis an ideal of . (The set is called the annihilator of in the ring .)