Threshold density (ST) occurs (selected one best option) a.Only in diseases where transmission is density-dependent b. Only in diseases where transmission is frequency-dependent c.Does not depend on transmission mode d.Only in vector-borne diseases e. Only in Human diseases
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Threshold density (ST) occurs (selected one best option)
a.Only in diseases where transmission is density-dependent
b. Only in diseases where transmission is frequency-dependent
c.Does not depend on transmission mode
d.Only in vector-borne diseases
e. Only in Human diseases
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- If a disease X has a duration of 15 years and a low incidence (5 per 100,000 person-years). If another disease Y has a duration of 5 years and a low and low incidence (5 per 100,000 person years). If we compare disease X and Disease Y in the same population, we would expect: a) Better cure b) lower prevalence c) higher prevalence d) Higher incidence e) shorter durationAt the peak of an outbreak, the total number of active cases for Covid-19 infections in a given county was reported as 16.5 per 100,000 individuals. This includes positive asymptomatic individuals. This number reflects the ________ for this infection. a. mortaity b. prevalence c. morbidityObserve the following maps (a)–(c) of three diseases. Determinewhich show endemic, sporadic, or epidemic pattern, and explain whatfeatures have helped you to make this decision.
- In a standard SIR model of infection individuals are assumed to encounter each other at random. In reality this is almost never true for any population, especially for territorial animals. Incorporating a spatial dimension to the SIR model my help better explain what?The organism that causes bubonic plague can only be transmitted by the bite of an infected flea, the biological vector. A. True B. FalseAs an outbreak of disease spreads in a relatively isolated community, some contract tracing occurs, and likely transmission events identified. Contract tracing determines that a sample of 10 infected individuals caused the following number of secondary cases: (look at the attached image) -Calculate the average number of secondary cases and create a ‘who acquires infection from whom’ matrix of R0 numbers. Use this matrix to calculate the overall R0 number for the population.
- Which of the following does not refer(s) to distribution of a disease by time? a. Point epidemics b. Rural-urban differences c. Seasonal trends of a diseases d. Secular trend of the disease QUESTION 2 Which of the following statements is correct? a. A nuclear accident would probably result in cyclic patterns of health consequences b. The COVID-19 infection is an example of a point source epidemic c. If symptoms of depression experienced in a particular locality increase during certain months of every year, compared with other months in the same year, this is an example of secular trend in depressive symptoms d. Contamination of the drinking water source of a community by infectious agent(s) will likely result in a continuous common source epidemicplease answer only all no explanation 9.Which of these IS/ARE the limitation/s of Social Epidemiology? (a) Differ in Social problems (b) Behavioural adaptations (c) Multifactorial causation 10. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve is usually drawn between (a) Sensitivity and specificity (b) (1-sensitivity) and specificity (c) Sensitivity and (1-specificity) (d) (1-sensitivity) and (1-specificity) 11.A screening test is not useful when (a) Incidence of the disease is high in the community (b) Incidence is low in the community (c) Early detection leads to a favourable outcome (d) The disease has a lead time 12.Uses of screening EXCEPT: (a) Case detection (b) Treatment purpose (c) Research purpose (d) Educational purpose 13. Which of the following is NOT related to a genetic disorder? (a) Environmental factors (b) Mutation (c) Mitochondria (d) Agent d) All of the aboveincidence reflect the likehood of developing a disease among a group of participants free of the disease who are considered at risk of developing the disease over a specified observation period; prevalence involves estimating the proportion of people who havee disease at point of time .true or false?
- A seasonal outbreak of influenza would be an example of what type of outbreak? a. point-source b. common-source c. propagated d. a and b e. a, b, and cThe Zoomland epidemic does not mimic a real epidemic in every respect. What is ONE way the Zoomland epidemic is not an entirely realistic simulation? A. In the Zoomland epidemic we could tell who had interacted with whom (contact tracing). In real life there is no way to do any contact tracing. B. In the Zoomland epidemic people interacted randomly with others. In real life people interact much more with some members of the population than others. C. In the Zoomland epidemic, transmission only occurred when a person came into contact with an infected person AND a suitable vector. In real life some diseases do not require a vector for successful transmission.Which of the following statements is false?a) A botulism epidemic that results from improperly canned green beans is an example of a common-source outbreak.b) Droplet nuclei fall quickly to the ground.c) Congenital syphilis is an example of a disease acquired through vertical transmission.d) Plague is endemic in the rock squirrel population in parts of the United States.e) The first case in an outbreak is called the index case.
