To discuss: The evolution occurring in viruses and other biological entities.

Q: Describe aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, and tricuspid regurgitation.

A: The term for the leaking heart valves is regurgitation. Regurgitation may occasionally be minimal…

Q: Please describe the lifestyle of SPONGES. Components and characteristics that you should address…

A: Introduction  As a sister group to the Diploblasts, sponges, which are classified in the phylum…

Q: Which of the following best describes an artery? Select one: a. thin-walled, and supplied with…

A: Ans- Arteries are the important part of cardiovascular system in our body that carries the…

Q: Describe (briefly) the opponent process theory and give an example (either everyday or experimental)…

A: Introduction :- An explanation for anything or a set of guiding principles is what is meant by a…

Q: What is the systemic inflammatory response syndrome?

A: Introduction: A complex interplay between the humoral and cellular immune response, cytokines, and…

Q: What are the similarities and differences among the cardiomyopathies and myocarditis?

A: The cardiovascular system includes blood vessels, blood, and the heart.

Q: Explain the biological & cultural factors that influence selectivity in mate choice highlighting why…

A: Introduction :  A process in which organisms processing certain traits that make them better…

Q: If humans have 46 chromosomes in each of their body cells, determine how many . Sperm • Egg . .…

A: Introduction: Chromosomes are thread-like structures found in animal and plant nuclei. Protein and a…

Q: A patient is on drug X that has a low hepatic extraction EH. This patient develops liver disease…

A: Hepatic Extraction EH is the ratio of drug that enters the liver and is removed from the liver…

Q: Q43

A: Phytoplanktons are microscopic free floating photosynthetic organisms that form the basis of food…

Q: escribe the various techniques and tools used by geneticists, including examples of applications in…

A: The study of heredity is genetics. The genes passed down from one generation to the next are the…

Q: Discuss the special features of cytokinesis in a higher plant cell.

A: The final stage of the cell cycle is cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm. Each mitosis in a…

Q: DNA or RNA or DNA & RNA

A: Nucleic acids: These are the large biomolecules which play essential roles in all the cells and the…

Q: A patient experienced an inability to respond to stimuli on the left side of their body after a…

A:

Q: Contrast the principal features of Hodgkin lymphoma with those of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

A: Lymph is a fluid that circulates throughout the body through network of vessels, tissues and organs…

Q: Explain about protein–nucleic acid ?

A: Each cell contains nucleic acid and this nucleic acid makes proteins, which do some functional role…

Q: What is the most common type of congenital heart defect?

A: The heart defects present since birth are called congenital heart defects.

Q: The eukaryotic parasites of humans include two groups. Which one of these does not belong?

A: Eukaryotic organisms are more advanced organisms than prokaryotes. Eukaryotes have a membrane-bound…

Q: What is the relationship among vessel resistance, blood pressure, and blood flow?

A: The vessel resistance is the resistance by the circulatory system to the flow of blood and is used…

Q: Unconscious patient  arrives in ER with smell of alcohol. After running test the results as…

A: The alcohol basically affects the nervous system in the body and the higher level of alcohol creates…

Q: There are several different types of genes within a genome that serve specific functions within the…

A: A genome is an organism's full set of genetic information. It contains all of the information that…

Q: A microorganism is grown in a fermenter under steady-state conditions. The microorganism growth…

A: Introduction  Plant-based biomass is used as a fuel to generate heat or electricity. Examples…

Q: A mutation leads to a change in amino acid from valine, an amino acid with a nonpolar side chain, to…

A: Alternation in the amino acid of a particular protein can results in the differences in the…

Q: Which of the following is in the correct order from the fats to avoid to the fats to consume? 1)…

A: Introduction Unusual, unsaturated fatty acids that are formed when liquid oils are turned into solid…

Q: Why is the Frank-Starling law of the heart important to the understanding of heart failure?

A: Frank starling law is a law that defines the relation between end diastolic volume and stroke…

Q: The Taung child, Sk 54 and OH 8 were all which of the following: victims of hominin-on-hominin…

A: Introduction Any preserved remnants, impression, or evidence of any once-living creature from a…

Q: Q4/ Describe the blood calcium homeostasis indicating the hormones that participate in this pathway,…

A: Blood calcium homeostasis is a complex process including the following 4 key components: Serum…

Q: 3. The following abnormal results were obtained from a patient's urinalysis. Name a disease that…

A: Introduction: A urinalysis is a pee test. It's used to diagnose and treat a variety of illnesses,…

Q: How is secondary hypertension defined, and what are the common etiologies?

A: Hypertension is the condition of increased blood pressure.

Q: the given below option which of the following is not a component of evolution by natural selection?…

A: The main mechanism governing the persistence and continuity of species on Earth is evolution. The…

Q: ch is  produces by fungus to digest cellulose in the environment; endoenzyme exoenzyme catalase…

A: A fungus is an organism with hyphae, mycelium, and spore production. Organisms like yeasts and molds…

Q: How is shock managed?

A: Shock is a condition that arises when there is a sudden drop in the blood flow through put the body.…

Q: Which of the following statements about the olfactory system is true?   Question 2 options:…

A: Introduction Receptors are protein molecules that have specific domains to interact with the…

Q: Explain the homeostatic distribution of ions in and out of the cell.

A: Introduction  A cell is the smallest unit capable of supporting life. Each fundamental molecule…

Q: Some viruses are oncogenic (tumor/cancer causing). True False

A: Cancer results from the uncontrolled cell division that causes a lump of cells in a particular area.…

Q: Q6 The commonly called infection "C-diff" is shorthand for: A) Cochlear destruction B)Clostridium…

A: Answer-- Correct option is (B) Clostridium difficile

Q: Explain the difference between slow adapting and fast adapting receptors for touch. Give an example…

A: We know that receptors are chemically protein or glycoprotein that binds to signaling molecules…

Q: two species of bateria, A and B, live in the gut of fruit flies. Bacteria species A benefits by…

A: No organisms live in isolation . Under natural conditions ,the organism libess together…

Q: You are learning to read electrocardiograms. You know that the patient you are examining has a…

A: Introduction : Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is a test that records the electrical activity of…

Q: The human genome holds an extraordinary amount of information about human development, medicine, and…

A: Introduction There are various methods of sequencing present today. However, during the initial days…

Q: What are the results of a lack of circulating PTH?

A: PTH is a hormone that regulates calcium homeostasis in the body. It does this by Stimulating…

Q: Bird Weight (g) 60 50 40 30 20 10 1,6 2,7 Sample -O- No Parasites With Parasites 3,8 Sample 4,9 5,10…

A: Answer BParasite presence and absence can be plotted on a bar graph as shown in option B on the…

Q: What is the difference between mutation and horizontal gene transf

A: Bacteria can adapt to new environments and respond to selective pressures by adopting new inherited…

Q: Discuss why penicillin was called the "miracle drug" when it was first used in the 1940s.

A: Introduction  A class of antibiotics known as penicillins targets a variety of bacteria. They were…

Q: What does CRISPR-Cas stand for and how does it work? What are the molecules involved with CRISPR-Cas

A: Introduction Genome editing:- It is also known as gene editing or genome engineering. It is a type…

Q: estions . Do chromosome structure different in humans and their closest relative among th How can…

A: It is believed that chimpanzees and humans are related species. They have comparable genetic and…

Q: what evolutionary advantages does the amniotic egg have? explain how each component of the egg plays…

A: Introduction: Allow embryos to develop more quickly and extensively before hatching. Animals'…

Q: Define about RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) ?

A: The RNA in a cell contains information that is used to make proteins and perform other important…

Q: Explain about transcriptomics ?

A: Introduction  Genome is referred to the entire set of genes present in the species. Genes are the…

Q: interactiosn between species A and B, what should be the control treatment?  a. Species A by itself…

A: Synthetic assemblage studies are completed by removal experiments, which examine the relationship…

Animal Phylogeny

Cladistics is a method of biological classification where organisms are classified based on their ancestors and their relationship with them. It is defined as the concepts and methods for determining the branching patterns of evolution and evolutionary history. Some scientists, however, have preferred the term phylogenetic systematics or phylogenetic taxonomy to emphasize the reliance on a phylogeny for classification. It is the most common and accepted method for classifying organisms.