Tooth enamel is composed of hydroxyapatite, whose simplestformula is Ca5(PO4)3OH, and whose correspondingKsp = 6.8 x 10-27. As discussed in the Chemistry and Lifebox on page 746, fluoride in fluorinated water or in toothpastereacts with hydroxyapatite to form fluoroapatite,Ca5(PO4)3F, whose Ksp = 1.0 x 10-60. (a) Write the expressionfor the solubility-constant for hydroxyapatite andfor fluoroapatite. (b) Calculate the molar solubility of eachof these compounds.

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Convective Mass Transfer between Phases

Mass transfer means the transport or movement of mass using streams, phases, components, and so on from one location to another.