Two stable populations employ the same fertility schedule, but different mortality schedule. In both populations, 20% of women between exact ages 45-55 bear a female child annually. No child bearing occurs outside this span. In population A, there is no mortality until age 100 where all who reached age perish. In population B, 1% of each cohort dies within each single year of age with no survivors beyond age 100. Compute GRR, GRR and r for each population. ii) Determine the birth and death rate of each. Sketch the age distribution of each.
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- The per capita birth (b) and death (d) rates are measured for two populations across a range of population sizes in the attached figure. The equation for exponential growth rate is dN/dt=rN where the per capita growth rate is r=(b-d). The equation for logistic population growth rate is dN/dt=rN(1-N/K). With logistic growth, r varies as a function of the population size with density-dependent birth and/or death rates. See attached image If the death rate decreased, what would happen to the population trajectory for population A? a) increase faster b) increase slower c) decrease faster d) decrease slowerWhat are the two key concepts for this section? Listthree variables that affect the growth and decline ofhuman populations. How can we calculate the population change of an area? Define the total fertilityrate (TFR). How has the global TFR changed since1955? Summarize the story of population growth inthe United States. List six changes in lifestyles thathave taken place in the United States during the 20thcentury, leading to a rise in per capita resource use.If the population of 150 squirrels at UofL has 15 births this year, what is the per capita birth rate? - 0.1 squirrels/yr/squirrel If the population of 150 squirrels at UofL has 10 deaths this year, what is per capita death rate? - 0.067 squirrels/yr/squirrel Calculate the intrinsic rate of increase for this squirrel population, using your answers to the questions above. - 0.03 squirrels/yr/squirrel Between having plenty of shelter in the trees and scavenging through the campus garbage, UofL squirrels have seemingly unlimited resources. Using the information you've calculated so far, determine the growth increment for the coming year for the UofL squirrel population. - 4.5 squirrels/yr Let's say that, after you calculated your predictions for unlimited growth of the UofL squirrel populations in the questions above, a bad storm comes through campus and wipes out half the trees! Now, the growth of the population of squirrels becomes limited. There are still 150 squirrels, but the…
- When there are no limits to population growth, rmax represents which of the following? maximum reproductive rate maximum per capita reproduction rate maximum per capita growth rate none of the options are correct maximum life history rate Which of the following traits would not be considered a life history trait? age at maturity how often they reproduce size of their horns size of offspring none of the options are correctIf each adult female powerful owl produces 1 female juvenile (F) each year, the adult survival rate (Sa) is 0.8, the juvenile survival rate (Sj) is 0.4, and the population is N2022=1400 adult females and 1400 juvenile females in 2022, what will be the female population size in 2027 (N2027)? Show your calculations. (hint: use excel to set up a model and check your work)A few plant-eating salamanders manage to float on a log to a large island in the Pacific that did not have any other salamander species previously. The salamanders find the island has abundant plants for food and no predators. On average, a salamander has four offspring per year and lives for one year. Refer to the equation for the logistic growth model if you were modeling salamnder population growth with this logistic growth equation, during the first few years, a) N<K b) N=K c) N>K d) there is no relationship between N and K
- Answer the following questions: Why do we usually express crude birth and death rates per thousand people? Why not give the numbers per person or for the entire population. Some demographers claim that the total world population has already begun to slow, while others dispute this claim. How would you recognize a true demographic transition as opposed in mere random fluctuations in birth and death rates?Contrast exponential and logistic (= sigmoid) growth of a population. Under what conditions might you expect a population to exhibit ex-ponential growth? Why can exponential growth not be perpetuated indefinitely?Some demographers claim that the total world population has already begun to slow, while others dispute this claim. How would you recognize a true demographic transition as opposed in mere random fluctuations in birth and death rates?
- The growth of a population of rare South American beetles is given by the logistic function with k = 0.00001 and t in months. Assume that there are 200 beetles initially and that the maximum population size is 10,000. a. Find the growth function G1t2 for these beetles. Find the population and rate of growth of the population after the following times. b. 6 months c. 3 years d. 7 years e. What happens to the rate of growth over time?You are studying a density - dependent turtle population that has the following relationships for the birth rate b’ and the death rate d’ as a function of population size (N) : b’ = 0.10 + 0.03 N - 0.0005 N ^2 d’ = 0.20 + 0.01 N Plot these functions in the same graph and discuss the population dynamics of the turtle. How does this model differ from the simple logistic model with linear birth and death functions?If models that display population growth ignored age structure how would this limit their value for predicting furture population size? Reference to either lx or mx.