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- Sydney Brenner isolated Salmonella typhimurium mutants that were implicated in the biosynthesis of tryptophan and would not grow on minimal medium. When these bacterial mutants were tested on minimal medium to which one of four compounds (indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan) had been added, the growth responses shown in the following table were obtained. Mutant Minimal medium Anthranilic acid Indole glycerol phosphate Indole Tryptophan trp-1 − − − − + trp-2 − − + + + trp-3 − − − + + trp-4 − − + + + trp-6 − − − − + trp-7 − − − − + trp-8 − + − − + trp-9 − − − − + trp-10 − − − − + trp-11 − − − − + Give the order of indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan in a biochemical pathway leading to the synthesis of tryptophan. Indicate which step in the pathway is affected by each of the mutations.In your own words, briefly describe the function of FeSO4 in the KIA medium in one sentence.List two features limiting the adaptation of nonvascularplants.
- you grew streak plates of Clostridium sporogenes under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Which plates showed bacterial growth, and what does the zone around the metronidazole disc represent? Additionally, explain what types of bacterial growth metronidazole affects and why.describe the molecular switches involved in microbial acute/prolonged starvation response. give one research article linkIn an experiment to calculate the decimal reduction time for an Escherichia coli culture, viable cells were exposed to a constant temperature of 80°C for a set amount of time. After exposure, the remaining number of surviving cells were counted. Based on Table 1, what is the decimal reduction time?Table 1. Decimal Reduction Time for E. coli Heated to 80°C Total time of exposure (minutes): Number of Microbial Cells Present: 0 100 1 80 3 50 4 42 6.5 26 13 10 21 0
- Which of the the following results of the extracellular enzyme tests is FALSE? Question 3 options: A Liquid gelatin positive for gelatinase B Clear area around bacterial growth on a starch plate after iodine is added means amylase is present C Clear zone around bacterial growth on a milk plate means caseinase is present D Solid gelatin after is positive for gelatinase E No clear zone around bacterial growth on milk plate means absence of casienasePlease give an example of experimental research . Why this resesrch is beneficial?Experiment #1 From Antoinette de Senna’s Master’s thesis on ‘Screening of biological control organisms for the management of phytopathogenic fungi and foodborne pathogens on produce’. Objective: To screen three LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Pediococcus pentosaceus) for antimicrobial activity against the foodborne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli. Methods: 1 ml of the pathogen was placed into a petri dish. Then, 15-20 ml molten tryptic soy agar (TSA) tempered to 50°C was added. When the TSA solidified, a loopful of LAB was spotted onto the agar. Plates were incubated at 35°C for 24 hours then the zone of inhibition was measured from the boarder of the bacterial colony to the perimeter of the clearing. Results: Questions: What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable? Suggest a control for this experiment? What is the optimal temperature range for Listeria monocyogenes? Is monocyogenes a…
- Use the photo below to measure the diameter of each antibiotic (all 3) and record the name and measure the diameter of the zone of inhibition. AFTER, answer these questions: 1.What antiblotic is most effective against the bacteria? 2. What antibiotic is least effective against the bacteria? 3. What causes the zone of inhibition to form? 4. If you get no zone of inhibition what can you concludeThe following results were obtained from a disk diffusion test for a strain of Escherichia coli. Chemotherapeutic Zone of inhibition (mm) A 7 B 10 C 18 D 3 Which drug above (A, B, C, or D) is most effective against this E. coli strain? ***Which drug above (A, B, C, or D) is most effective against Staphylococcus aureus? Explain your answer.Below is a diagram of four different antibiotics (numbered 1-4) that are being tested in a petri dish inoculated with bacteria. After a sufficient incubation period, bacterial growth occurred except in the zones of inhibition (shown with dotted lines in the diagram) around the antibiotics. Based on the results shown here, would it be reasonable to conclude that the most effective antibiotic in this example would be an effective antibiotic against any bacterium? Why or why not?