utilization, packets that would be otherwise dropped are delivered at a later time. Base congestion control: 6. Assume a number of Internet routers are configured to have excessively là a) Is this a good solution to prevent packet drops?
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- Under the assumption of no packets loss, how long will it take TCP to send an object that is 20KB over a link with a RTT of 400 milliseconds, a MSS of 2KB, and a rate of 10KB/second when: a. TCP is in slow start, CongWin = 1 and Threshold = 10: b. TCP is in congestion avoidance, CongWin = 5 and Threshold = 5A connection between two servers may transport multiple packets simultaneously. Please break down for me how much time is consumed on each phase of goods processing. Should the duration of one delay be predetermined, while the duration of the other delay is situation-dependent?q no 5: In the above network diagram, IP and MAC addresses are given for network nodes. Suppose Host1 (Shahid) sends a datagram to Host2 (Khalid). What IP and MAC addresses (source and destination) will be written in IP and Data link layer headers respectively, for the following intermediate points from Host1 to Host2? Host1 to Router1 (R1) Router1 to Router2 (R2) Router2 to Host2
- It is theoretically feasible for two hosts to communicate with one another by sending packets back and forth over the same connection. Please enumerate all of the components that are responsible for the overall amount of time required to process a single packet, starting to end. Is it to be anticipated that one of the delays will continue for a certain amount of time, while the duration of the other delay will be more unpredictable?Suppose you have the following network requirements, for Given an IP address and mask of 9.0.0.0/8, design an IP addressing scheme using VLSM? How is the efficiency of this method achieved? Use the topology in Figure to answer the questions. a. Network 1 needs to support 330 host addresses. b. Network 2 needs to support 62 host addresses. c. Network 3 needs to support 2 host addresses. d. Network 4 needs to support 520 host addresses. e. Network 5 needs to support 230 host addresses. f. Network 6 needs to support 62 host addresses. g. Network 7 needs to support 2 host addresses. h. Network 8 needs to support 2 host addresses.(a) Why is a datagram buffer needed on the output port of a router? (b) Explain why distance vector algorithms are susceptible to interference. (c) Discuss how ICMP can be used to find a routing path between two hosts.
- One, why do protocols like HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and POP3 use TCP instead than UDP? When comparing Routing and Forwarding, what are the key distinctions? Three, explain HOL blocking. Which ports, input or output, are affected?A disadvantage of a broadcast subnet is the capacity wasted when multiple hosts attempt to access the channel at the same time. As a simplistic example, suppose that time is divided into discrete slots, with each of the n hosts attempting to use the channel with probability p during each slot. What fraction of the slots are wasted due to collisions?give the proper solution of given questions thanks In OSPF, describe two methods that can be used to detect link/router failures. Which method detects a change quicker? Route convergence is defined as ….? Why is it important for routers to converge to the best routing table quickly? How do OSPF areas improve its scalability? i.e., how do areas help OSPF operate in large networks? The LSA messages in OSPF are flooded throughout a network. True/false?
- 1.4.12.2 End-to-end Delay. Consider again the network shown above. The links again have transmission rates of R1 = R2 = 100 Mbps (i.e., 100 x 106 bits per second), and each packet is 1 Mbit (106 bits) in size. Assume that the propagation delay is 1 msec per link. What is the end-to-end delay of a packet from when it first begins transmission at the sender, until it is received in full by the server at the end of the rightmost link. Assume store-and forward packet transmission. You can assume the queueing delay is zero. Answer choices: A. 2 x 106 msec b. 2.01 msec C. 1.1 msec D. 2.02 msec 1.4.12.3 Maximum Throughput. Consider again the network shown above. The links again have transmission rates of R1 = R2 = 100 Mbps Assume that the link R2 is fairly shared (as we've seen is done via TCP) between the two sessions. What is the maximum end-to-end throughput achieve by each session, assuming both sessions are sending at the maximum rate possible? Answer choices:…Consider the scenario in which a sequence of packets are sent from one site to another along a predetermined route, starting at the sending host and finishing at the receiving host. Provide a rundown of the many components that contribute to the overall end-to-end latency of a single packet. Which delays are always present, and which ones are subject to change?P5. Consider a datagram network using 32-bit host addresses. Suppose a router has four links, numbered 0 through 3, and packets are to be forwarded to the link interfaces as follows: (refer to first image) a. Provide a forwarding table that has five entries, uses longest prefix matching, and forwards packets to the correct link interfaces. b. Describe how your forwarding table determines the appropriate link interface for datagrams with destination addresses: (refer to second image)