Verify the correctness of the following program segment to exchange the values ofx and y:temp = xy = tempAt the beginning of this program segment, x and y have certain values. Thuswe may express the actual precondition as x = a and y = b. The desired postcondi-tion is then x = b and y = a. Using the assignment rule, we can work backwardfrom the postcondition to find the earlier assertions (read the following from thebottom to the top).{y = b, x = a}temp = x{y = b, temp = a}{x = b, temp = a}y = temp{x = b, y = a}The first assertion agrees with the precondition; the assignment rule, appliedrepeatedly, assures us that the program segment is correct.

#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main(void) { int x = 1, y = 2; int…

Answered: Verify the correctness of the following…

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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Answer questions (a) and (b) below: (a) How many times exactly is the code block below executed? For (i = 1, n) { For (j = 1, i) { For (k = 1, j) { code block } } } Hint: You have to start with n=1, then make assumption what you make expect for any given n = N, and check if the formula you found works for n =N+1. This is what we call prove by induction. (b) What is the theta value of this code segment?
For each of the following three program fragments:a. Give an analysis of the running time (Big-Oh will do).b. Implement the code in the language of your choice, and give the running time for several values of N (100, 500, 1000, 5000).c. Compare your analysis with the actual running times. (1) sum = 0; for( i = 0; i < n; ++i )++sum; (2) sum = 0; for( i = 0; i < n; ++i ) for( j = 0; j < n * n; ++j ) ++sum;(3) sum = 0; for( i = 0; i < n; ++i ) for( j = 0; j < i * i; ++j ) for( k = 0; k < j; ++k ) ++sum;
Suppose that you are given the following logical statement:¬ P ∧ Q → ¬ R ∨ SBased on our discussion of order of operations, which is the correct way to interpretthis?(a) ¬(P ∧ ((Q → (¬R)) ∨ S))(b) (¬(P ∧ (Q → (¬R)))) ∨ S(c) ((¬P) ∧ (Q → (¬R))) ∨ S(d) (¬P) ∧ ((Q → (¬R)) ∨ S)(e) (¬(P ∧ Q)) → (¬(R ∨ S))(f) ((¬P) ∧ Q) → ((¬R) ∨ S)(g) ((¬P) ∧ (Q → (¬R))) ∨ S(h) ((¬P) ∧ (Q → (¬R))) ∨ S(i) (¬P) ∧ ((Q → (¬R)) ∨ S)(j) ¬((P ∧ Q) → (¬(R ∨ S)))
The Java Virtual Machine (and your computer’s assembly language) support a goto instruction so that the search can be “wired in’’ to machine code, like the program at right (which is exactly equivalent to simulating the DFA for the pattern as in KMPdfa, but likely to be much more efficient). To avoid checking whether the end of the text has been reached each time i is incremented, we assume that the pattern itself is stored at the end of the text as a sentinel, as the last M characters of the text. The goto labels in this code correspond precisely to the dfa[] array. Write a static method that takes a pattern as input and produces as output a straight-line program like this that searches for the pattern. Straight-line substring search for A A B A A A int i = -1;sm: i++;s0: if (txt[i]) != 'A' goto sm;s1: if (txt[i]) != 'A' goto s0;s2: if (txt[i]) != 'B' goto s0;s3: if (txt[i]) != 'A' goto s2;s4: if (txt[i]) != 'A' goto s0;s5: if (txt[i]) != 'A' goto s3; return i-8;
Given an original speech segment “speech.dat” sampled at 8000 Hz with each sample encoded in 16 bits, use Programs 2.3–2.5 and modify Program 2.2 to quantize the speech segment using 3–15 bits, respectively. The SNR in dB must be measured for each quantization. MATLAB function: “sound(xmax(abs(x)),fs)” can be used to evaluate sound quality, where “x” is the speech segment while “fs” is the sampling rate of 8000 Hz. In this project, create a plot of the measured SNR (dB) versus the number of bits and discuss the effect of the sound quality. For comparisons, plot the original speech and the quantized one using 3, 8, and 15 bits.
For the infix expression given below, obtain (i) the equivalent postfix expression,(ii) the equivalent prefix expression and (iii) evaluate the equivalent postfixexpression obtained in (i) using the Algorithm EVAL_POSTFIX(), with A = 1, B = 10, C = 1, D = 2, G = –1 and H = 6. (−(? + ? + ?) ↑ ?) ∗ (? + ?)
The language we are using here is in Racket. Please try tying each of the following (car '(11 12 13 14)) (car '(a b c d)) (cdr '(11 12 13 14)) (cdr '(a b c d)) (car (11 12 13 14)) (cdr (a b c d)) What do car and cdr do? That last line of the above should cause an error. Explain why the single quote necessary and what it does.
Write a pseudocode and draw a timeline diagram for the sliding window algorithm with SWA = RWS = 4 and SWS = 3 and RWS = 1 frames in the following two situations. Assume the receiver sends a duplicate acknowledgment if it does not receive the expected frame. For example, it sends DUPACK[2] when it expects to see Frame[2) but receives Frame[3] instead. Also, the receiver sends a cumulative acknowledgment after it receives all the outstanding frames. For example, it sends ACK (5) when it receives the lost frame Frame(2) after it already received Frame(3), Frame(4), and Frame[5]. Show the start timer and stop timer wherever necessary. Use a timeout interval of about 2 x RTT.
Information is present in the screenshot and below. Based on that need help in solving the code for this problem in python. The time complexity has to be as less as possible. Output Format The output consists of one line containing an integer indicating the number of quantum blasts per second that Butz must fire at Swapper to prevent him from sorting the books in the worst-case scenario (best case for Swapper). If this number is not a whole number, just to prevent Swapper from ever succeeding, round up to the nearest whole number. If it is impossible for Butz to stop Swapper from restoring order to the shelf, print "Butz loses!" without quotes. Sample Input 0 4 34 1 3 2 Sample Output 0 2 Sample Input 1 5 32 4 0 3 1 Sample Output 1 1 Sample Input 2 6 55 0 1 2 4 3 Sample Output 2 1 The actual code def solve(books,n,s): # TODO: Compute and print the answer here pass def main(): n, s = list(map(int,input().strip().split(" ")))…
Consider the following procedure: procedure mystery (x, y, z); integer x, y, z;beginz = 2; y= z+x;endand consider the following code fragment: A[1] := 2;A[2] := 1;n := 1;mystery (A[1],A[n],n); What will be the final values of n, A[1] and A[2] if the parameters are passed by reference?
Your task is to design automated solvers for the shift and Vigenere ciphers. You must use C as the under- lying programming language, in order to get prepared for the following labs. Each solver should be completely automated, i.e., upon reading a text ,l.e. containing the target ciphertext (given as command-line argument), it should print the encryption key and the decrypted plaintext without any user interaction. Test your code on the following ciphertexts, and answer these questions: 1. What is the key of the cipher? 2. What is the decrypted plaintext?Shift Cipher - Decrypt the following ciphertext:…
The sequence of values: n, c(n), c(c(n)), c(c(c(n))), c(c(c(c(n)))),... is known as the hailstone sequence starting at n. Implement c(n) as a function. Use predicates to test the parity of each input n.

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